152 CEDARS 
in question. Even in Holy Writ the word ‘“ cedar” 
is used to denote other trees—to wit, probably the 
P. Halepensis, the Aleppo or Jerusalem Pine, and the 
Juniperus Excelsa. But even in the latter days the 
Cypresses, Thuyas, Junipers, and Sequoias have all 
in turn and at times masqueraded under the shelter 
of its name, and out west in American and Canadian 
lands we read of Red Cedars, White Cedars, Canoe 
Cedars, Pencil Cedars, Incense Cedars, and I dare say 
many more ‘so-called Cedars, with many more de- 
scriptive adjectives. Lumbermen and settlers out 
there, like timber dealers and carpenters sometimes 
at home, seem in sheer bravado to take unholy delight 
in upsetting the conventional applications of nomen- 
clature which scientists and botanists have prescribed, 
with the rather direful result of making confusion 
confounded in many a mind where light might other- 
wise have dawned. 
As the muezzin from the minaret declares that 
there is only one Prophet, so do we from our housetops 
proclaim that there is only one family of true Cedars 
in the meaning of the word to-day, and that the 
Cedar from Lebanon, the African Cedar from regions 
in reach of Sahara Desert air (C. Atlantica), and the 
Indian Cedar (C. Deodara) from the humid Himalayas 
in the Far East, are, they and they only; the nearly 
related representatives of the true Cedar. 
To differentiate one from the other in these three 
affinities never seems to present much difficulty to 
the more casual observer. If any confusion is created 
it is between an Atlantic and Lebanon clad with the 
same coloured foliage. In their identification papers 
‘they read much alike, the same number of leaves in 
a tuft, much the same-sized cone, and the more 
regular pubescence on the one (the C. Atlantica)—all 
these are details that do not tell much to the more 
unscrutinizing of tree-lovers, Shape must be. the 
