166 CYPRESSES AND JUNIPERS 
of its fellow Eu-Cupressi, the C. Macrocarpa, and C, 
Sempervirens Goveniana ; or even, to go farther, to 
some of the Junipers in an adult state of foliage. 
The fact that the C. Torulosa, through a magnifying- 
glass, shows the presence of glands, while others 
among his similarities do not, offers some, if not very 
palpable, help to the student. That, presumably, is 
why the C. Torulosa is put in one group and the 
C. Macrocarpa and Sempervirens in another group 
of the Eu-Cupressi. There is more comfort to be 
derived from a comparison of the size and date of 
ripening of the cones of this trio. Those of the 
Torulosa do not ripen until the second year. They 
are uniformly about the size of the smallest of the 
cones to be found among the variably-sized cones 
of the C. Sempervirens, which ripen in the winter of the 
first. year. The cones of the Macrocarpa ripen at 
the same time as the Torulosa, the second year, but 
they are consistently nearly twice their size. A 
surer hope of recognition will be forthcoming in a 
comparison of their branchlet systems. If a spray 
of the Torulosa is laid upon the table, it will be found. 
that the branchlet system is more or less arranged 
in one plane, and that consequently it will lie pretty 
nearly flat upon the surface of the table ; while in the 
case of the other two, the spray is supported by 
branchlets which grow indiscriminately all round 
the stems at different angles. Sometimes the Torulosa 
deviates a little from the strict path of rectitude in 
these directions, but is quite sufficiently orthodox 
to show a distinction from the other two. 
Where the shape of the Macrocarpa and Semper- 
virens may be often described as columnar, the shape 
of the Torulosa in its sub-fastigiate form—and it is 
in this form that it generally makes its appearance 
with us—is what is called flame shape and running 
into a peak-shaped top. Though this characteristic 
