238 TAXACER 
is how, when, and where are ordinary mortals to 
obtain a sight of them together, and acquire experi- 
ence of them from direct object-lessons. 
In the disposition and measurement of their leaves, 
irrespective of the marked fruit distinctions, they 
show other differences. Some are long-,some are short- 
leaved. Some leaves are pectinate, others not, and 
they stand out from the central axis of their stems from 
all sorts of situations, scattered, alternate, or opposite. 
We will adduce instances, and when we refer to 
long- or short-leaved we will take the standard as 
being either longer or shorter than the Common 
Yew, which we will approximate as, under usual 
conditions, at ¢ in. 
(1) Those that are long-leaved and pectinately 
arranged on their lateral branches. The 
_ Cephalotaxi and Torreyas. 
(2) Those that are long-leaved and not arranged 
pectinately, but standing out at different 
angles as above explained. Podocarpus 
Chilensis, P Macrophylla, and P. Nubigena. 
(3) Those that are short-leaved and mot pec- 
tinately, but as above explained arranged. 
Podocarpus Alpinus and Totara, while the 
Prumnopitys and Saxegothea are, in leaf 
disposition, spirally arranged and densely 
crowded. - 
The presence of their fruits—if we could’ only issue 
a mandamus for their appearance—would soon 
banish doubts and dispel difficulties. Between the 
rather elongated, pear-shaped fruit—or when in 
dried fruit condition fashioned more after the form 
of an almond within its pitted shell—of the Cephalo- 
taxi, and the rounder structure of the purple plum 
fruit of the Prumnopitys, there is nothing in common, 
While the bulbous, apoplectic-looking stalk that 
