308 GLOSSARY 
Awn. Beard of corn or grass. Applied to any similarly 
bristly appendage. 
Axit (axilla = the arm-pit). The angle between the upper 
side of a stem and any branch, branchlet, stalk, leaf, or 
any other organ that grows from it. 
AXILLARY. Vide AXIS. 
Axis (axis = axle-tree). The main stem around which, or 
from which, any branchlets and leaflets grow. 
Bacca (noun). A berry, i.e. a succulent seed vessel, filled . 
with pulp, in which the seed is encased. 
Baccatus (adj.). Having a pulpy texture. 
Bark. The rind, or covering, of the trunk and branches of 
an exogenous tree. 
BasaL. Growing at the base of anything. 
Basal SHEATH. The covering that encircles the base of pine 
leaves. Also referred to as fascicle or bundle. Vide 
FASCICLE, 
Bicotor (bi = twice; color = colour). Two-coloured. 
BIENNIAL (bis = twice, annus = year). Lasting two years. 
Growing one year, flowering, fruiting, and then dying 
the next year. 
Brrip (bis = twice; findere = to split). Split sharply in two 
points. . 
Bin# (bis = twice). Binz used to describe pine trees whose 
leaves grow in twos in same basal sheath. Geminate 
(twin), an expression used to denote the same condition, 
4.€. two leaves growing in the same bundle, or basal sheath. 
BIPINNATE (bis = twice ; pinna = feather). When both the 
primary and secondary divisions of a branchlet or leaflet 
are pinnated, z.e. grow out like a feather (pinna) along 
each side of this double edition of branchlets. 
BLIsTERS. Or resin pockets, formed just beneath the smooth 
surface of the trunk before it becomes furrowed. Often 
I in. or more long, and numerous. Found on Balsam 
Firs, on A. Grandis, also sometimes on upper stems of 
Douglas. 
BoAT-SHAPED. In the shape of a boat with keel in minia- 
ture. Used in reference to shape of certain leaves of 
the Cupressinee tribe. Vide CARINATE, KEELED. 
Boss (synonym Umbo [@. vide)). 
