GLOSSARY 311 
growing on upper and lower side of branchlet, while 
the leaves growing on either side are termed lateral 
leaves. Vide FactaL LEAVES. 
Downy. Covered with soft hairs. Synonyms: Pubescent, 
Tomentose, Villose, Ciliate, q. vide. 
Drupaceous (drupa = an over-ripe, wrinkled olive). A 
fleshy and succulent fruit, containing a bony stone, ¢.g. 
the Prunus tree tribe, plum, cherry, etc. 
Ecuinatus (echinus = hedgehog). Armed with sharp spines 
like hedgehog. Note Pinus Echinata. 
Exurrtic (Gk. elleipein = to fall short). An oval, and 
deviation from the true form of a circle. About twice 
as long as broad. 
EMARGINATE (emarginare = to provide with a margin). 
Applied to leaves depressed or notched instead of pointed 
at summit of the leaf. Vide and compare Birip, which 
suggests a more sharply defined decision. 
ENTIRE (integer = whole). Vide Marin. 
ErRosE (rodere = to gnaw). Margins of leaf irregularly 
toothed. Vide Marcin. 
ExoceEnous (Gk. exo = outside, gen. root of word signifying to 
grow). Applied to trees growing by successive additions 
totheoutside. Opposed to Endogenous, which applies to 
a plant that grows from within, by the additions to the 
centre of the stem, e.g. the Palm, Grasses, etc. 
EXSERTED (exserere = to project). Applied to the bracts 
protruding over the cone scales. 
FacraL LEAVES. Vide DORSO-VENTRAL. 
FALcaTE (falx = asickle). Curved like the blade of a reaper’s 
sickle. 
FAN-SHAPED. Vide PLICATE. 
FascicLe (fascis = a bundle). Proceeding from a common 
point like the leaves of a larch. 
FASTIGIaTE (fastigium, the projecting point or gable end of a 
building). Of close, erect growth, and branches pointing 
upwards like the Lombardy Poplar. 
FIBRO-VASCULAR (fibra = thread; vasculum = seed vessel). 
Fibro-vascular bundles are the small shaded cells seen 
under magnifying glasses in the middle of a transverse 
section of aleaf. They consist of woody tissue, spiral, and 
