MORPHOLOGY OF THE SEEDLING 27 
little or nothing in the color, shape, or general appearance 
of the cotyledon to make one think it really a leaf, and it 
is only by studying many cases that the botanist is enabled 
to class all cotyledons as leaves in their nature, even if they 
are quite unable to do the ordinary work of leaves. The 
Fic. 10. Fig. 11. 
Fic. 10. A Turnip Seedling, with the Cotyledons developed into 
Temporary Leaves. 
h, root-hairs from the primary root; 0, bare portion of the root on 
which no hairs have as yet been produced. 
Fic. 11. Cross-Section of a Root. 
A good deal magnified, showing root-hairs attached to particles of 
soil, and sometimes enwrapping these particles. 
study of the various forms which the parts or organs of a 
plant may assume is called morphology; it traces the rela- 
tionship of parts which are really akin to each other, 
though dissimilar in appearance and often in function. 
In seeds which have endosperm, or other food outside 
of the embryo, the cotyledons usually become green and 
