CHAPTER X 
LEAVES 
115. The Elm Leaf.— Sketch the leafy twig of elm that is sup- 
plied to you.!’ Report on the following points: 
(a) How many rows of leaves? 
(2) How much overlapping of leaves when the twig is held with 
the upper sides of the leaves toward you? Can you suggest a reason 
for this? Are the 
spaces between the 
edges of the leaves 
large or small com- 
pared with the leaves 
themselves ? 
Pull off a single 
leaf and make a very 
1 Any elm will answer 
the purpose. Young 
strong shoots which ex- 
tend horizontally are 
best, since on these leaves 
are most fully developed 
and their distribution 
along the twig appears 
most clearly. Other good 
kinds of leaves with 
which to begin the study, 
if elm leaves are not Fic. 58. Leafy Twig of Poplar 
available, are those of 
beech, oak, willow, peach, cherry, apple. Most of the statements and direc- 
tions above given would apply to any of the leaves just enumerated. If this 
chapter is reached too early in the season to admit of suitable material being 
procured for the study of leaf arrangement, that topic may be omitted until 
the leaves of forest trees have sufficiently matured. 
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