THE FLOWER OF THE HIGHER SEED-PLANTS 151 
Usually, as in Fig. 98, this is only a slight enlargement of 
the flower-stalk, but in the rose (Fig. 102), the pond lily 
(Fig. 115), the magnolia, the Calycanthus, and a good many 
other familiar flowers it is large and con- 
spicuous. 
180. The Perianth. — The sepals, or divi- 
sions of the calyx, are commonly green and 
somewhat leaf-like. The petals in showy 
flowers are of many colors, ranging all the 
way from violet to red. Either whorl of the 
perianth may be found to have assumed 
some very pecular form, to carry out the 7 
purpose of the flower, as is briefly explained Fic. 102. 
in Chapter XVII. A Rose, Longi- 
Among the lower families of seed-plants tudinal Sec- 
with closed ovaries the parts of the perianth =" 
are frequently all distinct, as shown in Fig. 98. Among the 
higher families the members of the perianth are often borne 
upon a tubular or cuplike outgrowth from the receptacle, 
so that the sepals or petals or both appear to have grown 
together more or less completely. 
When the calyx or the corolla is borne upon a tubular, 
bowl-shaped, or other extension of the receptacle, there are 
often divisions, teeth, or lobes at the rim of the tube show- 
ing how many sepals or petals the flower possesses. 
Special names are given to a large number of forms of the 
1 When the parts of the perianth are distinct, the calyx is said to be chorisep- 
alous and the corolla choripetalous; other terms are polysepalous and poly- 
petalous. When the receptacle forms a cuplike or tubular outgrowth, so that 
the teeth or lobes of this alone are sepals or petals, the flower is said to be syn- 
sepalous or sympetalous,; other terms are gamosepalous or gamopetalous. 
Choris means apart, poly means many, syn means together, gamos means 
marriage. Botanists have until recently used such expressions as “ sepals 
united into a tube,”’ etc., but these are incorrect. 
