280 ELEMENTS 
Protection of plants from animals, 
122-126%, 
Proteids, 19, 20. 
Proteids, tests for, 20. 
Prothalliuin, 245, #246, #251. 
Protococcus, *218. 
Protonema, #240, 242. 
Protoplasm, *45, 44, 45. 
Protoplasm, characteristics of, 44, 
45, 
Pteridophytes, 245-253*. 
Pteridophytes, remarks or, 252, 
253. 
Puccinia, study of, 224-228*. 
Raceme, App., #265. 
Raspberry, #189. 
Ray-flowers, App., *267. 
Ray, medullary, *70, #71, 
74, 
Receptacle, 149, 150, #156. 
Red clover, leaf of, *109. 
Regular flowers, 149. 
Reproduction in ferns, 248. 
Reproduction in flowering plants, 
165-167*. 
Respiration, 136, 140, 141. 
Retuse, App., *264. 
Rhachis, 245. 
Rhizoids, hairs serving as roots in 
ferns, mosses, and liverworts, 
#246. 
Rhizopus, study of, 222-224. 
Rhodophycee, 210. 
Ring, annual, *73 
Ringent, *152. 
Rise of water in stems, 78-80. 
ee study of, 219-221*, 
Root, 42%, 
Root, Se ies to work, 41, 42. 
#72, ¥73, 
OF BOTANY 
Root-cap, 35, *36. 
Root-climbers, 456. 
Root, dicotyledonous, section, *87. 
Root, elongation of, 25. 
Root, fleshy, 37, 38. 
Root-hair, #27, #37, *46, 47. 
Root-pressure, a 48. 
Root-section, #36, #87. 
toot-system, 39. 
Roots, absorbing surface of, 89-41. 
Roots, adventitious, 30, #31. 
Roots, aérial, 80, #81. 
Roots, fascicled, *34. 
Roots, fibrous, *34. 
Roots, growth of, 25. 
Roots, movements of young, 40, 
41. 
Roots, parasitic, 32, + 
Roots, primary, *14, 30. 
Roots, propagation by, 42. 
Roots, selective action of, 46, 47. 
Roots, storage of food in, 37-89. 
Roots, structure of, 84-38%. 
Roots, water, 31, 382. 
Rootstock, *58, *59. 
Russian thistle, #193, 205. 
Russian thistle, spread of, 205. 
Rust, 224-228*. 
Rust, wheat, study of, 226-228%, 
Sage, pollination in flowers of, *176, 
*177. 
Sago-palm, 82. 
Salver-shaped, *152. 
Salvinia, #258, 259. 
Sap, descent of, 78, 80, #81. 
Sap, rise of, 78-80. 
Saprophytes, 139, 233. 
Sapwood, 74, 78. 
Scalloped, App., *265. 
