62 KEY AND FLORA 
sparingly cut-toothed. Cup top-shaped, with coarse scales, inclosing 
about half the nearly round acorn. Common in dry woods. Foliage 
quite variable in outline and lobing; bark valuable for tanning.* 
11. Q. nigra L. Birack-Jack Oak. A small tree; leaves obovate, 
usually with three rounded lobes at the apex, the lobes bristle-pointed, 
rounded, or slightly cordate at the base, rusty-pubescent beneath, 
shining above, coriaceous, short-petioled; cup top-shaped, short- 
peduncled, with coarse and truncate scales, inclosing about one 
third of the oblong-ovate acorn. An almost worthless tree, its 
presence indicating a thin and sterile soil.* 
12. Q. phellos L. Wittow Oak. A tree of medium size, leaves 
lanceolate or elliptical, scurfy when young and becoming smooth 
with age, very short-petioled ; cup shallow, sessile; acorn subglobose, 
Wet soil. Often planted for shade.* 
19. ULMACEZH. Exim Famity 
Trees or shrubs with watery juice; alternate, simple, petio- 
late, serrate, stipulate leaves, which are usually 2-ranked; and 
sinall, bisexual, or somewhat moneecious, apetalous flowers. 
Calyx of. 3-9 sepals, which are distinct or partly united; 
stamens as many as the sepals and opposite them. Ovary 
-2-celled; styles 2, spreading. Fruit a key, nut, or drupe.* 
I. ULMUS L. 
Trees with straight-veined, unsymmetrical, doubly serrate 
leaves; stipules early deciduous. Flowers bisexual; calyx 
bell-shaped, 4—9-cleft. Stamens slender, protruding. Ovary 
compressed; styles 2, spreading. Fruit membranaceous, flat, 
winged on the edge.* 
1. U. fulva Michx. Syrppery Exm. A tree of medium size, with 
rough, downy twigs, and rusty, densely woolly bud scales. Leaves 
large, thick, very rough above, downy beneath, ovate or obovate, taper- 
pointed at the apex, unsymmetrical, obtuse or somewhat cordate at 
the hase, coarsely and doubly serrate; calyx lobes and pedicels downy. 
Fruit broadly oval, downy over the seed, the wing smooth. Inner 
bark very fragrant when dried, and a popular domestic remedy.* 
2. U. campestris L. ENGuisn Erm. A large tree, with short, 
rather upright or ascending branches. Leaves not bilaterally sym- 
metrical, oval, acute or sometimes a little taper-pointed, doubly 
