162 KEY AND FLORA 
2. V. cucullata Ait. Marsu Brur Vroier. Leaves acute, except 
the earliest ones. Petal-bearing flowers violet blue, with a darker cen- 
ter: peduncles usually longer than the leaves, the spur-bearing petal 
sinooth, Sepals narrowly lanceolate, with long ear-hke appendages. 
Cleistogamous flowers borne on erect or ascending peduncles. Cap- 
sule not much longer than the sepals. Wet ground, common, 
3. V. papilionacea Pursh. Common Brut Vioretr, Dooryarp 
Viover. Plants usually strong and vigorous from a thick horizontal 
rootstock, usually smooth. Leaves bright green, cordate at the base, 
somewhat triangular or rounded and pointed, Scapes at the time of 
flowering longer than the leaves. Petals dark violet-purple, white or 
greenish-yellow at the base, the one with a spur often narrow aud 
boat-shaped. Capsules from the cleistogamous flowers borne on hori- 
zontal peduncles and often underground, but rising as they mature. 
Very common about dwellings and gardens. 
4. V. palmata L. Earry Breuer Vioter, Usually 
much longer than the blades; leaves, except the earlie 
ovate, with 5-9 variously toothed or cleft segments; the petioles and the 
veins of the under surface very hairy. Scapes not usually longer than 
the leaves, Sepals lanceolate, acute or taper-pointed. Petals violet- 
purple, occasionally pale: Capsules from the cleistogamous flowers 
borne on horizontal or deflexed peduneles. In dry, rich woodlands. 
5. V. sororia Willd. Woorty Bru‘ Viover. In size aud appear- 
ance much ke No. 3. Leaves ascending, mostly ovate or roundish- 
ovate, pointed, cordate at the base, erenate, densely soft-hairy when 
young. Peduneles hairy; petals varying from violet to lavender, 
Cleistogamous flowers on short prostrate peduncles. Moist meadows 
and rich woods. 
6. V. fimbriatula Sm. Ovare-Leavep VioLret. Rootstock usu- 
ally erect, at length long and stout. Petioles generally shorter than 
the blades; leaves varying from oyate-lauceolate to oblong, usually 
slightly crenate, truncate or almost cordate at the base. Petals blue, 
bearded. Capsules of the cleistogamous flowers borne on erect 
peduncles. In dry woods. . ; 
ywny. Petioles 
st ones, cordate- 
§ 2. Leafy-stemmed perennials 
7. V. pubescens Ait. Downy Yrtirow Vioner. Soft-downy, 6-12 
in. high. Basal leaves ovate-kidney-shaped, soon withering; stem 
leaves broadly heart-shaped, toothed, pointed, with large stipules. 
Flowers yellow, somewhat purple-veined, with a short spur. In dry 
woods, common. 
8. V. scabriuscula Schwein. Smoorumsm Yerrow Viover. Like 
TV. pubescens, but smaller, greener, and less downy. Stems decumbent 
or ascending. Basal leaves broadly ovate, usually persistent through 
