174 KEY AND FLORA 
1. Z. aurea Koch. Mrapow Parsnip, GOLDEN ALEXANDERS. 
Smooth, stem erect, 1-2 ft. high. Basal leaves mostly heart-shaped 
and serrate; stem leaves usually once compound in threes. Flowers 
deep yellow. Fruit between globose and ovoid, about } in. long; all 
the ribs generally winged. Woods and thickets. 
VII. THASPIUM Nutt. 
Perennial herbs. Stem erect. Leaves 1-2, compound in 
threes. Umbels compound; involuere and involucels usually 
wanting. Flowers yellow or purple. Calyx teeth small, acute. 
Fruit ovoid or oblong, somewhat laterally compressed ; carpels 
smooth, strongly ribbed; oil tubes between the ribs.* 
1. T. barbinode Nutt. Hamy Mrapow Parsnip. Stem erect, 
branching above, downy at the nodes, 2-7 ft. high. Leaves petioled, 
slightly downy ; leaflets mostly thin, ovate, toothed, incised or lobed 
toward the apex, entire toward the base. Umbels long-peduneled, 
few-rayed. Fruit oblong; lateral and central ribs strongly winged. 
Along streams.* 
VIN. LOMATIUM Raf. 
Perennial herbs, appearing stemless. Roots thickened. Leaves 
dissected. Flowers white or yellow, in compound umbels, with 
no general involucre. Calyx teeth usually wanting. Fruit 
orbicular, oval or oblong, much flattened dorsally, the lateral 
ribs extended into broad wings ; oil tubes 1—4 on the intervals 
between wings and 2-6 on the junctions of the carpels. 
1. L. orientale Coult. & Rose. Whuirr-Frowrren Parstey. 
Downy, with peduncles 3-8 in. high. Leaves twice pinnate, the 
segments oblong or ovate, generally cut into rather obtuse linear or 
nearly linear lobes. Braects of the involucels lanceolate, with thin 
membranous margins. Flowers white or pinkish. Fruit oval or 
round, notched at the base, smooth; oil tubes solitary in the inter- 
vals between ribs. Dry soil W. ; 
2. L. daucifolium Couwlt. & Rose. Carrot-Leaven Parstry. 
Leaves finely dissected into short linear or thread-like segments. 
Petals yellow. Fruit oval, with prominent dorsal ribs. Prairies W. 
IX. PASTINACA L. 
A tall, smooth biennial, with a stout, grooved stem. Leaves 
pinnate. Flowers yellow, in large umbels, with hardly any 
