FERTILIZEES AND FKUIT. 17 



company of Newburgh to keep the manure hauled from their stables. 

 He pays $3.60 per year for each horse, and considers it a good bargain 

 at this price, for this manure from horses heavily fed on grain is very 

 strong. Professor "Watson, of the Cornell Experiment Station, found 

 the average voidings of a 1,000-pound horse weighed 48 3-5 pounds per 

 day, worth at prices now paid for fertilizers, 7 3-5 cents, or $27.74 a 

 year. Of course a large part of the valuable liquid manure is lost, but, 

 at the same time, one can see that the value of the manure from a 

 horse for a year, is considerable, I asked Mr. Barns if he expected to 

 use more fertilizers in the future, and he said "Yes," as he may not 

 be able to obtain manure at his present favorable rates. In the case of 

 an electric horse road in Newburgh, for example, unless a supply of 

 manure from the brickyards w.ere available, he would use more 

 fertilizer with some green crop. A neighbor, he said, had had fair 

 success with plowing under a good crop of rye and using fertilizer 

 with it. As to the double cropping system, Mr. B. said it gave him 

 more fruit per acre and made the cultivation cheaper in one sense and 

 dearer in another. For instance it was easy to work both berries and 

 grapes by running the cultivator up and down, but it needed more 

 hand hoeing because one cannot work so close to the rows among the 

 currants. 



The Business on a Fruit Farm. 



" How many hands do you employ ? " I asked Mr. Bams. 



" Five men for eight months and needed pickers and packers." 



" What live stock do you keep ? " 



" Five horses, five cows and poultry." 



"What do you call an average crop of grapes and peaches." 



" Four tons per acre is a large crop of Concords, three tons a fairer 

 average. Of peaches, the yield, of course, varies. I have picked five 

 baskets per tree from this orchard. I thin out the peaches one-half to. 

 two-thirds. This year it was done in July -too late." 



''About how much fruit do you dispose of per year ? " 



" We expect to send at least a load of fruit every day from June 10 

 till frost. We have sent 3| tons of grapes in one day. We sell some 

 blackcaps and strawberries in Newburgh, but all the rest of the fruit 

 in New York. We have 60 varieties of grapes in all— some of course 

 merely for testing. Two-thirds are Concords, with the remainder 

 divided among Moore's Early, Worden, Delaware, Champion, Brighton 

 and Martha. The average crop from a good Concord vine is from 23 

 to 28 pounds. We never have two heavy crops of Concords in success- 

 ion. Still that variety is about as valuable as any. We have sold 



