80 
which have comparatively fewer latent genes and more apparent genes. “ Un- 
vollkommenere” and “vollkommenere’”’ are both in co-ordination, the former 
cannot be considered to be inferior to the latter. The same idea is expressed 
also in the following quotation, though, as is explained by Cony, it actually 
means that even a single plant is in reality not an individuum, but is truly 
a collective being consisting of a stem, roots, leaves and many other parts. 
Freuet Euch des wahren Scheins, 
Euch des ernsten Spieles, 
Kein Lebendiges ist Eins, 
Immer ist’s ein Vieles.“ 
GorrHr’s idea also to some extent approaches the doctrine of Tunpar* 
which in viewing sentient beings does not look at them as characters of on,) 
quality, but beholds them as a collection of different qualities (or factorse 
which are sometimes latent and at other times apparent, according to the 
circumstances conditioning the inevitable causal nexus 
GOETHE expressed another idea in the following lines. 
Soviel aber kénnen wir sagen, da8 die aus einer kaum zu sondernden Verwandt- 
schaft als Pflanzen und Tiere nach und nach hervortretenden Geschiépfe nach zwei 
entgegengesetzten Seiten sich vervollkxommnen, so daS die Pflanze sich zuletzt im Baum 
dauernd und starr, das Tier im Menschen zur héchsten Beweglichkeit und Freiheit 
sich verherrlicht. 
In the above quotation, “eine kaum zu sondernde Verwandtschaft”’ should be 
interpreted as the Flagellata** which is, at present, supposed to be the starting 
point of plants and animals in their phylogeny. 
Here we see that some of his ideas imply that many species or organs 
originate from one source and thence it results that the relations between 
Species or organs are explainable by the evolution theory. But his more 
mature thought, as we have seen before and shall see later on, does not 
admit of a single origin for all organs or organic beings, but approaches a 
view which finds origin in every thing. According to the latter view, there 
were originally numerous things undergoing endless changes either in them- 
selves or by combining with or separating from others, thus producing 
numerous new forms; they are new, it is true, but they are new only in form 
* Readers are requested to refer to TzNpar’s Doctrines of the Middle Path and Reality, 
interpreted in English by Prof. Masanaru ANRZAKI. ; 
** Werrstein, R. R.— Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik (1911) p. 54. 
