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o 
apparent or latent; and on the other, according to the different com- 
binations or seggregations of apparent genes. Consequently, the relation 
of one individual to the others in phenomenal appearance is the relation of 
mutual participation or sharing of latent and apparent genes in individuals. 
Then, too, all genes in individuals may be apparent at on time and 
latent at another, and may change their characters, according to conditions. 
As genes change, so change individuals. Yet, no new gene is ever created 
or produced; no existent gene ever vanishes. The genes now present are 
those that have existed from the eternal past and will continue to exist 
throughout the infinite future. The phenomena of an individual change from 
time to time, the latter phrase of course being understood as meaning very long 
intervals of time. Such changes are brought about in the individual itself or 
by crossing with others. When the latter is the case, it sometimes does, and 
sometimes does not, follow the Mendelian law. Yet, for all that, individuals 
are always the same in their real entities. Genes present in individuals are 
not at all isolated, but are in close continuity in their essence. If we fix 
upon different colours to represent different genes, the latter present different 
hues, according to the conditions under which they are exposed at this time 
or that. Different genes are, therefore, exactly similar in their real entities. 
Consequently, all individuals are to be regarded from two different points of 
view ; one being that of universality, and the other that of particularity. The 
universality of individuals follows from the unity of the genes contained in 
them, while the particularity of individuals is made comprehensible by the 
difference of the phenomenal appearances of the genes and the different 
combinations of the latter. 
Now, in order to present to my readers more plainly the mutual relation 
of genes present in individuals, let us assume that individuals are composed of 
numerous rosaries formed of numerous, temporarily different, beads. (See Fig. 
1). Further, we will assume at the same time that the individuals are, as I 
have said before, something like knots caused by bringing close together here and 
there some of these entangled rosaries; also that the phenomenal appearances 
of the beads of the rosaries do not cease to change from time to time, as the 
beads are in close concatenation and in incassant flux in their essence; as the 
