122 
different plant, according to time and circumstance, as I explained in a former 
paper”. 
Paleontalogy to which Eneter refers in §10 and §11 is not so very 
important for the classification of the plants of the present age, as it is thought 
to be by those who believe that the formation of species is only explainable 
according to the evolution theory. If we think of the innumerable causes” of 
Species’ coming into existence, such as mutation, crossing, fixation of characters 
acquired in the course of adaptations, and many others yet unknown to us, 
we cannot but hesitate to attach importance to paleobotany. 
In § 12, he distinguishes two characteristics of adaptation and of organi- 
zation, and states that the latter is the quality which should be credited with 
a superior value in classification. This, in my judgement, will not do. We 
distinguish this as an adaptation - character, and that as an organization- 
character ; but the demarcation is only for convenience. Not only is there 
no absolute difference between the two, but on the contrary they are in close 
inter-relation. or classification, both characters should be taken into con- 
sideration. This, to be sure, makes the existence of a static system impossible. 
To this point we shall return later on. 
Further, he makes reference in § 13” to the difficulty of determining the 
order of the arrangement according to progression and states that the natural 
system will always be subject to alteration, as it always has been. The 
former reference is something like an approach to my idea of the impossi- 
bility of determining the serial orders; while the latter statement may be 
taken as partly illustrating my opinion that the natural system can only be 
brought to realization in its dynamic changeable form. 
What he speaks of in § 14? is nearly the same as the statements referred 
to in §2, and the remarks which I have made above will do as well for the 
present case. 
In § 15”, he refers to the systematic importance of anatomical characters, 
1) Hayata, B.— An Interpretation of Gorrun’s Blatt in his « Metamorphose der Pflanzen”, 
as an explanation of the principle of natural classification, in Ic. Pl. Formos. X. pp. 75—95. 
2) WarrstEn, R. R. — Handbuch der systematischen Botanik p. 49. 
3) Ewnazer, A.—l1. oc. p. XIL 4) Evotmr, A.—1.c. p. XIIL 
5) Enouer, A.—l.c¢. p. XII. 
