131 
inferior ovary, parietal placenta and exalbuminate seeds. Consequnetly, some 
of the Helobie are certainly connected with the Liliiflorw, some with the 
Farinos#, some with the Spathiflore, some with the Ranales, some with the 
Triuridales, and some with the Microsperme. The natural position of the 
series is, therefore, not necessarily settled as between the Pandanales and the 
Glumiflore. It should be placed here at one time, but there at another. 
Next to the Helobie, ENcLer refers to the Triuridales? in his syllabus. 
But, it is rather questionable whether the series belongs to the Monocotyledones 
or the Dicolytedones. On one hand, as has been pointed out before, it is 
somewhat related to the Helobize, but on the other hand, to the Microsperme, 
as can be seen in a comparison of the Triuridacese with the Orchidacesx. 
Then, he treats of the Glumiflore®”. But, decidedly, this series also is 
not to be definitely placed between the Helobie and Principes in the true 
natural system. It has some connection with the Liliiflorees through the 
Juncaces” in its vegetative organs” and in its external form; and also with 
the Farinose, as can be seen in the external relation between the Cyperacese 
and the Eriocaulaceer”. Its natural position should be changed according to 
different views. 
The next series” placed by ENGLER are the following three :—Principes, 
Synanthe and Spathiflore. They by no means stand in a serial relation, but 
rather in a close inter-relation between themselves and also in relation with 
other series. The first series is somewhat allied to the Pandanales, as we 
have above stated. To some extent they approach the Synanthz, as the 
Cyclanthacex of the latter series have an incontestable similarity to the Palme” 
in the vegetative organs. The second series is related to the Pandanales and 
Principes, as we have seen before. At the same time, the resemblance in the 
vegetative organs of the Cyclanthacese and those of the Aracese indicates that 
the Synanthe and Spathiflore are related. The relations of the latter series 
to the Pandanales, to the Synanthze and to the Helobix have been already 
1) Encer, A.— Syllabus, 1. c. p. 123; Nat. Pifl-fam. I—1, p. 235. 
2) Enorer, A. — Erlauterungen, 1. c. p. 360. 3) Nat. Pf-fam. IL—2, p. 104. 
4) Jerrrey, E. C.—1.c. p. 413. 5) Nat. Pfél.-fam. IL—2, p. 104. 
6) Enorer, A. — Erliuterungen, 1. c. p. 360. 7) Nat. Pfl-fam. I1—3, p. 25. 
8) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Lc. IL—3, p. 25 and Jerrrey, E.C.—le. p. 413. 
