133 
series to others again show the impossibility of fixing its position. Its relation 
to the Farinosx has been referred to before. It is also allied to the Micro- 
sperms, as analogous facts between the two series are shown in the imperfect 
staminal whorl in the all families of the Scitaminez: and the Orchidacew, and in 
the floral diagram of Musa and that of Arundina pentandra Ruicus. £?. 
Finally, he refers to the Microsperme”. That this series is related to 
the Liliifloree, Farinose, ‘Triuridales, Helobie, and Scitaminess has already 
been stated. Consequently, it is a series which should change its position 
according to different views. I repeat, in this case and in all cases, that 
their (species, genera, etc.) positions vary with the views taken of them. 
Change as they do, yet they do not change their positions at random, but do 
so according to the universal law, which I would call the law of natural 
relation. 
EncLer then makes the following statement as to the relation of the 
series above referred to :— 
Aus diesen hier nur kurz behandelten Beziehungen der Reihen und Familien der 
Monokotyledoneen ergiebt sich, dass die Anfinge derselben weit zuriick liegen, dass 
wohl diagrammatisch einzelne Reihen von anderen abgeleitet werden kénnen, im tibri- 
gen aber noch Grundverschiedenheiten existieren, welche die einzelnen Reihen und 
auch die einzelnen Familien charakterisieren. 
The same statement can be seen in the diagram given by him in p. 373. 
In my opinion, however, the series we have thus far studied, as we have 
stated before, are all closely inter-related. Indeed, we are convinced of the 
existence of a basic unity, instead of the basic difference (Grundverschiedenheit) 
mentioned by ENcier in the above quotations. Their inter-relation and basic 
unity can be better understood than otherwise, if we accept the participation 
theory which we have alluded to before. : 
Further, Encier proceeds to explain his system of the Dicotyledones. 
Here he refers to the difference between EIcHLER’s system and his own, and 
remarks® :— 
Eine der wesentlichsten Anderungen im Systeme der Dikotyledoneen ist zun‘ichst 
1) Nat. Pfl-fam. IL—6, p. 75. 2) Exorer, A. — Erliuterungen, lc. p. 361. 
3) Exeren, A.— Exliuterungen, 1. c. p. 361. 
4) Eneczer, A. — Exliuterungen, 1. v. p. 362. 
