137 
ous character, the solitary exalbuminous seeds, the dissimilar male and female 
flowers, especially the latter with reduced envelopes, the broad stigmatic lobes 
of the styles and the single coated ovules, in both Juglandacess: and Juliania- 
ce, —all these point to their close relationship. In no less degree than to 
the Julianiales, the present series bears likeness to the Sapindales, as can be 
seen in the agreement of the Juglandacesw and Anacardiacew”, in the alternate, 
exstipulate, imparipinnate leaves, in the resiniferous character, and in the 
solitary exalbuminous seeds. The natural position of the Juglandales should, 
therefore, be changed from this place in ENGLER’s system, far away to a place 
close to the Anacardiacez, according to the law of natural relationship. 
Here ENGLER places the Batidales” in his syllabus. Their relation to 
the Salicales has been discussed above. Some alliance may be noticed between 
the Batidales and the Centrosperme, in a comparison of the Batidacess with 
Chenopodiacess”’. 
Next, follow the Julianiales” in his syllabus. Their close relationship to 
the Juglandales has been referred to before. In no less degree is affinity 
shown towards the Sapindales. The Julianiacess and Anacardiacesx” representing 
respectively the two series agree in the alternate exstipulate, imparipinnate 
leaves, in the unisexual flowers with reduced envelopes, in the solitary ex- 
albuminous seeds, in the singular funicular development, in the embryo, and 
in the anatomical characters. In other respects, but in the same degree,-they 
are related to the Fagales® in the male inflorescence, in the male flowers and 
pollens, in the several female flowers in a closed involucre, in the exalbuminous 
seeds and in the cotyledons epigswous in germination. A place between the 
Fagales and Juglandales or next to the Sapindales would be equally suitable 
and natural for the Julianiales. 
Then, comes the Fagales.” The resemblance which this series bears to 
the Verticillate, Myricales, Salicales, Juglandales and Julianiales has been 
indicated above. Furthermore, the Fagales have some affinity to the Urticales, 
1) Hemsixy, W. B.—On the Julianiacex, in Phil. Trans. lc. pp. 190-193. 
2) Encumr, A. — Syllabus, 1. ¢. p. 161. 8) Nat. Pé.-fam. IL—1, a, p. 120. 
4) Enorzr, A.—-Syllabus, 1. c. p. 161. 5) Hemstux, W. B.—1. ¢. pp. 190-193. 
6) Hemstey, W. B.—1. o. 7) Evazzr, A. — Erliuterungen, Lc. p. 363. 
