141 
be entirely denied, as the Ebenaces: in. the rimose albumen and trimerous 
flowers of Maba are connected with the Anonaces. Moreover, the resem- 
blance of the Magnoliaces”? and Conifers in their wood - anatomy seems to me 
to suggest the existence of some relation between the Ranales and Coniferm. 
Further, the Ranales show some affinity to the Sapindales, as can be seen 
from the agreement of the Menispermacex and Sabiaces” in the exalbuminous 
seeds, curved embryo, reniformed fruits, and nearly apocarpous gyxeceum. On 
the other hand, their alliance to the Parietales is very close and intricate; 
the Ranunculacez are connected with the Dilleniacese in floral structure and 
also with the Ochnaces”; the Magnoliacex, with the Winteranaces® in the 
inconstant number and spiral arrangement of the perianth-segments, in the 
oil-cells in the cortex, medulla and leaves, and in the bordered pits in the 
xylem-parenchyma; the Anonaces, with the Ancistorocladaces ;? and finally 
the Myristicacese, wtih the Winteranaces” in the oil-cells and connate stamens, 
and also with the Ancistrocladaces. Furthermore, the Ranales bear some 
relation to the Rhoeadales, as we shall see in the conformity of the Nymphx- 
aces” and Papaveraces in the laticiferous vessels, in the vascular bundles in 
the medulla, and in the attachment of the seeds to the wall of the ovary; in 
that of the Berberidaces' and Papaveracess in the di- or tri-merous structure 
of the flowers and in the seeds; and finally, in that of the Anonacew" and 
Papaveraceze in the structure of the ovary. Moreover, the connection between 
the Ranales and the Sarraceniales is to be found in the Nymphseaces and 
Sarraceniaces™, both families. showing perfect agreement in the position of 
leaves of the stem, in the one-flowered scape, in the spiral arrangement of 
the sepals, and in the numerous stamens. In no less degree, the present 
series manifests its relationship to the Rosales, for the agreement of the 
Ranunculaces and Rosacess in their floral structure is undeniable; the same 
relation can be seen between the Calycanthaces and the latter family”. 
1) Nat. Pfl.-fam, IV.—1, p. 157. 2) Werrsrem, R. R.—1. c. p. 548. 
3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIL—5, p. 369. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIl—6, p. 108. 
5) Werrsrem, R. R.—L. c. p. 596. 6) Nat. Pfi.-fam. IL—6, p. 316. 
7) Nat. Pfl-fam. IIL—6, p. 276. 8) Nat. Pfi.-fam. IIL—6, p. 316. 
9) Not. Pfi-fam. IL—2, p. 3. 10) Nat. Pé.fom. IIL—2, p. 74. 
11) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Il.—2, p. 27. 12) Nat. Pfl-fam. If1—2, p. 251. 
13) Nat. Pfl.-fam. ILI.—3, p. 10. 
