142 
Moreover the Lauracex” of the Ranales show a close affinity to the Thy- 
melzacese in the thoroughly circular arrangement of the floral elements in the 
perigynous insertion of the stamens, and in the symearpous gynaceum. 
Next, come the Rhceadales. Of this series, ENGLER speaks as follows” :— 
Schon lange hat man die Rhoeadales gern an die /ianales angeschlossen, und 
dies hat auch seine Berechtigung, da die Papaveracee wegen ihrer me’st zahlreichen 
Staubblitter und ihres bisweilen noch aus mehreren, wenn auch vereinten Carpellen 
gebildeten Gyniiceums Analogien mit den Nymphwacew zeigen, bei welchen ein syn- 
carpes Gyniiceum zu Stande kommt. ........ fehr groBe Ubereinstimmung zeigen 
mit dieser Reihe die /’arietales, von denen namentlich die Dill. niacew an die Ianales 
anklingen, wiihrend die Flacourtiaceaz za den Capparidacee Veziehungen ergeben. 
But, in my opinion, the real relation of the Rhceadales to other series extends 
far more widely. Its affinity to the Centrosperme and to the Ranales has 
been discussed. Further, the Rhceadales bear some resemblance to the 
Geraniales, the likeness being shown in the Keeberliniaces and Rutaces in 
the presence of oil-glands and in the other anatomical characters (BENTH.- 
Hooker). The same is true of the former family and the Simarubacez (BENTa.- 
Hooser). On the other hand, a very close and rather intricate relation is 
to be found between some families of the Rhceadales and those of the 
Parietales, namely :—between the Papaveracee and the Loasaces” (DE Can- 
DOLLE) ; between the Capparidacese and the Flacourtiaces® or the Erythro- 
spermes of the latter family; between the Moringaces™ and the Violacex 
(Hooker) ; between the Keeberliniacese” and the Bixacew in their deciduous 
sepals; and between the former family and some others of the Parietales in 
the placenta with numerous poly-seriate seeds (BeNTH.-HooxEr). Moreover, 
some connection between the Rhceadales and the Sarraceniales is indicated in 
the Papaveracse and Sarraceniacess®. Furthermore, the agreement of the 
Keeberliniaces” and Saxifragacem (in the placenta with numerous poly-seriate 
seeds), and that of the Moringaces'” and Leguminose show some relation 
between the Rhceadales and the Rosales (BENTHAM). And finally, this 
1) Nat. Pfl-fam. IIL—2, p. 111. 2) Enecer, A. — Erliuterungen, 1. c. p. 365. 
3) Nat. Pi.-fam. IIL—6, p. 321. 4) Nat. Pfé.-fam. TIL—6, a, p. 106. 
5) Lo IIL—6, a, p. 10. 6) 1. vo. TIL—-2, p. 243. 
7) 1c IT—6, p. 321. 8) Le ITL—2, p. 251. 
9) Nat. Pa.-fam. IIL—6, p. 321, 10) lo ITL—2, p. 243, 
