144 
perigynous insertion, in the parietal placentas, in the smallness of the seeds, 
in the dehiscence of the fruit and in the shape of the leaves; of the Cunoni- 
aces and the Quiinaces”, in external features and in the densely hairy 
seeds ; of the Hamamelidacess and Dipterocarpaces” in the presence of a ring 
of secretory - canals in the medulla - crown ; and finally, of the Rosacese and the 
Eucryphiacee”. Moreover, some affinity between the Rosales and the 
Geraniales is to be found in a few analogous features of the Pittosporaces” 
of the former series on the one side, and of the Vochysiacese, Polygalaces, and 
Tremandraceze of the latter series on the other (BENTH.-~HOoKER); and also 
in those of the Hamamelidacess and Simarubace” in the presence of a ring 
of secretory-canals in the medulla- crown. To the Myrtiflore, its alliance is, 
in some measure, to be seen in a few similarities of the Rosaces? on the one 
hand, and of the Combretaces, Myrtacese and Thymeleacez on the other. 
The relation between the Rosales and the Sapindales is rather slight, as can 
be seen from some agreement of the Saxifragacese and the Melianthaces” and 
from that of the Pittosporaces® and Celastracese in their floral diagram. To 
the Rhamnales, the Rosales are on some degree related, as is shown in the 
Pittosporaces” and Rhamnaces (R. Brown); and also to the Umbelliflore» 
in some conformities of the Pittosporacese and Araliacese, and of the former 
family and the Umbelliferee, in the peculiar distribution of the resin-ducts in 
the roots, in the formation of lateral roots and in other anatomical characters 
(Van TrecHEM)™. Lastly, they are somewhat related to the Rubiales in the 
slight agreement of the Saxifragacess and Adoxaces.’? As has been pointed 
out, the relations of the Rosales in this point or that extend from the 
Santalales far up to the Rubiales. Their natural position is, therefore, dynamic. 
Next to the Rosales in his syllabus, Eneirr places the Pandales™. As 
to the relations of the latter series, we are as yet ignorant. 
1) Le IL-6, p. 166. 2) 1c. IIL—6, p. 252. 
3) Lo. IIL—6, p. 131. 4) 1, c. IIL—2, a, p. 108. 
5) Nat. Pflfam. IL—5, p. 203 and IL—6, p. 253. 
6) Le. IIL—3, p. 10. 7) 1. IIL—5, p. 378. 
8) Lo. I—2, aw, p. 108. 9), 10) Nat. Pé.-fam. IL—2, a, p. 108. 
11) lo. IV.—4, p. 171. 12) Enerer, A.— Syllabus 1. c. p. 223. 
