He then refers to the Geraniales and Sapindales and says" :— 
Bei den beiden Reihen der Geraniales und Sazpindales wird die cyklische Anord- 
nung der Bliitenteile vollstindig; aber die noch hiufig vorkommende unvollstindige 
Vereinigung der Carpelle ist ein Grund ftir die Stellung beider Reihen vor den Malvales 
und Parietales. Beide Reihen stehen einander sehr nabe und lassen sich nur dann un- 
terscheiden, wenn man die in der Charakteristik angegebenen Merkmale der Samenanlage 
in den Vordergrund stellt. Jede der Reihen beginnt mit den Familien, in welchen noch Iso- 
merie des Gyn'iceums vorkommt, dann folgen diejenigen, bei denen die Oligomerie herrscht. 
This is indeed true, but it is so only according to the view upon which 
ENGLER dwells. In other respects, the case is quite otherwise; for, in this 
point or that the relations of the Geraniales to other series, as will be seen 
in course, are of wide extent reaching from the Centrosperme, perhaps even 
from the Coniferze, far up to the several series of the Metachlamydes. The 
Sapindales also are extensively allied to other series, their relations ranging 
from the Conifers far up to the Primulales. The natural positions of these 
two series should be changeable with the criteria employed. 
In the first place, let us consider the natural relations of the Geraniales. 
Their connections with the Rhceadales, Centrosperme, and Rosales have 
already been referred to. Perhaps the closest alliance is manifested between 
the Geranials and the Sapindales. The relationship is very complicated. To 
begin with the Geraniaces, we find that they in many features are similar to 
the Corynocarpacex” (after Van TrecHEm), to the Limnanthacex”, and to the 
Balsaminacee (after BEnTH.-HooKEr). Then, most closely the Tropmolacez 
are related to the Balsaminacex” (BENTH.-Hoox.). Some of the Zygophyl- 
laces are allied to the Melianthacew”, in the presence of calcium oxalate in 
the form of styloiden (RaDLKoFER); the Rutacew, though rather slightly, to 
the Sapindacess”; the Simarubaces, to the Sapindaces also slightly; the 
Burseraces®, to the Anacardiacex”, in the resin-canals and in other 
anatomical characters; the Meliaces™, to the Sapindaces in the secretory - 
cells; the Malpighiaces™, to the latter family in the habit, in the winged 
1) Encizr, A. — Erliuterungen, |. c. p. 366. 
2) Nat. Pfl-fam. Nacht. III. p. 197. 3) 1. ¢. IIL—5, p. 136. 
4) Lo. TL—5, p. 388. 5) 1c. IIL—5, p. 388. 
6) Lc. IIL—5, p. 378. 7) Lc. IL—5, p. 298. 
8) Le, IL—4, p. 233. 9) Le. IL—6, p. 144. 
10) 1c. ITL—4, p. 266. 11) Lc. IL—4, p. 52. 
