147 
Juglandales and Rosales, all belonging to the Archichlamydex, have been 
alluded to above. It remains to compare it with the Matachlamydew. As to 
the Ebenales and the Tubiflore, their relations to the present series are 
manifest in the single coated ovules in the Limnanthaces”, in the partial agree- 
ment of the Salvadoracese” with the Oleaces, and in that of the Aquifoliaces” 
with the Symplocacee. As to the affinity of the Sapindales and the Ericales, 
this is suggested in the agreement of the Cyrillacess? and the Ericaces, in 
the habit and in the peculiar anther of Costea of the former family, and of 
the Pentaphylacacese” and the Clethraces in the pored anthers and the capsules. 
Further, some relation is to be found between the Sapindales and the Primulales, 
as can be seen in a comparison of the Corynocarpaces” and the Myrsinacese 
(G. Don, EnpiicHEer). Finally, their relation to the Conifers, as in the case 
of the Geraniales, is shown by the presence of the very ‘similar resin - duets 
in the Anacardiaces” and the Pinacee. As can be seen from the statements 
above given, the groups so far considered are not to be regarded as serially 
related, but are in close intermixed relations. To arrange them in one order 
or another is quite right in this respect or that. One can not have a claim 
superior to another. Natural positions for the two series are found in several 
‘places between the Conifere and the Metachlamydee. 
Next, come the Rhamnales*®. As to this series, he says :— 
Die Rhamnales sind jetzt auf die tetracyklischen Archichlamydeen mit vor den 
Bib. stehenden Stb. beschrinkt. Da bei den Rhamnacee die Stellung der Raphe an 
der aufsteigenden Sa. sehr wechselnd ist, s9 kiénnen die Vitacew, welche immer ventrale 
Raphe haben, unbedenklich neben die Rhamnacee’ gestellt werden. 
Its relations to the Rosales and Geraniales have already been referred to. 
Its relation to the Umbelliflore is, in my estimation, undeniable. A comparison 
of the Vitacex” with the Araliaceso and the Umbelliferse will at once justify 
this conclusion. One might object to the above statement on the ground that 
the Rhamnales have stamens opposite the petals, while the Umbelliflore have 
stamens alternate to the petals. But this, in my opinion, makes no ereat 
1) Werrster, R. R.—1. c. p. 617. 2) Nat. Pfl-fam. IV.—2, p. 19. 
3) According to Dr. R. Kanzurra, both families are very similar in anatomical characters. 
4) Nat. Pfl-fam. IlI—5, p. 180. 5) Nat. Pfl-fam. Nacht. Lp. 215. 
6) 1. ce Nacht I. p. 217. 7) 1. e, IIL—4. p, 234. (Burseracez). 
8) Enouzr, A. — Enliuterungen, 1. c. p. 367. 9) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Ill.—8, p. 111. 
