148 
difference. Take the Loranthaces for an example, you will there find both 
types, some with stamens opposite, and some with them alternate, to the pelals, 
as in the male flowers of Eremolepis” and Bifaria (or in my Pseudixus”). 
Such great stress is put upon the relative positions of stamens and petals, only 
because the conservation of the present static system demands it. The natural 
position of the Rhamnales should, therefore, be dynamic. 
Then come the Malvales” according to ENGLER’s system. Their relation 
to the Geraniales has been pointed out. Moreover, the Malvales bear a close 
resemblance to the Parietales, as is indicated in a comparison of the Elxocar- 
paces? with some (Prockia and Hasseltia) of the Flacourtiacer; of the 
Chleenacese” with some (Asteropeiex) of the Theacese? (BarLion) ; of the former 
family with the Dipterocarpacesx ; of the Tiliacex” with the Flacourtiaces ; 
and in the agreement of the Tiliacew' with the Bixacez'” in the palmate. 
nerves of the leaves, in the stamens connate at their base, in the pored anthers, 
in the loculicidal dehiscence of the fruit, in the hairy covering of the seeds,. 
in the flat cotyledons, and in the mucilage canals in the medulla, cortex and. 
leaves. Further, the relation of the Malvales to the Tubiflore is shown in 
the conformity of the Malvaces and the Conyvolvulaces™ in the hairy covering 
of the seeds, in the curved embryo and in the secondary meristematic zone in 
the xylem. The natural position of the Malvales, as it were, occilates between 
the Geraniales and the Tubiflore. 
As to the Parietales’, ENGLER says :— 
Wie schon oben angedeutet wurde, reicht die Reihe der Parietales mit ihren 
ersten Familien bis in die Nuhe der Ranales. Die Dilleniacew wurden denselben frither 
auch zugerechnet, zeigen aber auch Beziehungen zu den Familien der Eucryphiicee, 
Ochnacee, Caryocaracee, Marcgraviacee, Quiinacew, Theacew, Guttifera: und Diptero- 
carpacece, welche alle einander nahe stehen, und alle darin tibereinstimmen, dass das 
1) E:curer, A. W. — Blithendiagramme, construirt und erldutert (1875), p. 553. 
2) Havara, B.—On Pseudiaus, on new genus of Loranthacee, founded on the well-known 
and widely distributed species Viscum japonicum Tuuns., in Bot. Mag. (Tdky5) Vol. XXIX. pp. 
31-34, 
3) Enorer, A. — Exliuterungen, 1. c. p. 367. 
4) Nat. PfAl.-fam. IIL—6, p. 3. 5) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIl.—6, a, p. 10. 
6) 1. ce TL—S6, p. 172. 7) 1. « IIL—46, p. 179. 
8) lv IIL—6, p. 172. 9) 1 « IIL—6, p. 13. 
10) lu. IIl.—6, p. 13, 11) lc. IIL—6, p. 309. 
12) 1c. IV.—3, a, p. 11. 13) Enouer, A. — Erlijuterungen, 1. ¢. p. 367. 
