178 
2 Pandanacee”: In floral structure, most closely allied to the Spar- 
ganiaces ; but in respect of the inflorescence, the connection is rather to be 
found in the Aracez, Palme and Cyclanthacex. 
3 Sparganiacee”: This family seems to bear some resemblance to the 
Typhaces ; but in some respects, it approaches the Pandanace rather than 
the Typhacew. ‘Further, some points of similarity between the Sparganiaces 
and the Gramineze are pointed out by CAMPBELL in his paper :—‘On the 
similarity of the development of the embryo in the Graminex and Spargania- 
cex.” But, the resemblance of the latter two families is opposed by GREBNER 
who insists upon of the incorporation of the Typhaces, Pandanacex, and 
Sparganiacess in the Pandanales.” 
Series IL. Helobice 
4 Potamogetonacex”: So far as the inflorescence of this family is con- 
cerned, its resemblance to the Aracess is recognizable. On the other hand, 
with regard to the seeds and embryo, it is related to the Hydrocharitaces and 
Alismatacess. 
5 Najadacee”: A close relation to the Potamogetonaces is found in 
the large exalbuminous seeds. In one respect, it is somewhat allied to the 
Scheuchzeriacese; but in another, it bears some resemblance to the Cerato- 
phyllaces. As far as its general vegetative structures are concerned, Najas 
strongly resembles several submerged genera of the Hydrocharitacez with slender 
branching stems, and crowded sessile leaves which are often finely toothed at 
the margin.” 
6 Aponogetonaces”: Some genera of this family approach the Junca- 
ginaceze, Potamogetonaceze and Alismatacese in having free carpels. 
7 Scheuchzeriacee® (=Juncaginacee): The intimate relationship of 
this small family to the Alismatacess and to the Potamogetonacesx is incon- 
testable. But the present family can not satisfactorily be included in either of 
the latter two. 
1) 1c IL—1, 190, and IL—3, p. 98. 2) Le. IL-1, p. 193. 
3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Nachtr. III. p. 8. 4) Nat. Pfl-fam. I].—1, p. 201, and 223. 
5) Nat. Pf.-fam. 1I.—1, p. 217, and TIL—2, p. 12. 
6) Renprz, A. B.—Najadacer, in das PAanzenreich IV. 12. p. 6. 
7) 1c I—1, 221. 8) 1. c. II—1, p. 223. 
