179 
8 Alismatacese”: Certainly related to the Butomaces and Juncagi- 
nace. But, so far as habit and floral structure are concerned, it can not be 
denied that a close affinity exists between the Alismataces and the Ranun- 
culacer. The Triuridacess resemble the Alismatacese in having numerous free 
carpels. 
9 Butomacez”: Related to the Alismataces, Triuridacese and Hydro- 
charitacese. 
10 Hydrocharitacese”: If we lay great stress upon the inferior position 
of the ovary, the family is comparable with the Bromeliaces, Amaryllidaces, 
Tridaceze, Burmanniaceze and Orchidaces. If we think otherwise, the case is 
altogether different. Thus, with respect to the structure of seeds and pollen, 
it (such as Halophila) bears a close relation to some genera of the Potamoge- 
tonacess ; but, in view of the axillary position of flowers, the perianth, and the 
parietal placenta, it is closely allied to the Mayacacae.” 
Series IIL. Triuridales 
11 Triuridacer”: This family is to some extent comparable with the 
‘Orchidacese and Burmanniaces in its habit; and also to the Alismataces and 
Butomaceze in the many free carpels; but in other respects, as is suggested 
by some authors, it is rather related to the Dicotyledons. 
Series IV. Glumiflore 
12 Graminee”: Certain affinity of the family with the Cyperaces is 
evidently conceivable. It is also comparable with the Juncacex”, and is a 
well marked family. As is generally the case with well - defined families, the 
classification of the species or genera of the Graminese is a difficult task. 
‘There is no good character which can be regarded as a distinguishing trait 
for a tribe or subtribe. It is rather the combination of characters that can 
be taken for the latter. No tribe nor large genus in this family is defined 
with any acuracy. All members are related to one another as if they were 
a network. The relative positions of tribes, genera and species are, therefore, 
1) 1c IL—4, p. 229. 2) Nat. Pé.-fam. IL.—1, p. 233. 
3) 1 o. IL—1, pp. 246 and 201, 4) Lo. IL-4, p. 18. 
5) 1c. IL—1, and 237. 6) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IL—2, p. 16. 
7) Jerrrey, E. C.—l. c p. 413. 
