187 
broken up into many families. But, if we put the latter character aside, 
it will stand as one family; for the female flowers and ovaries, different as 
they are in different genera, show transitions so gradual that they may be 
connected one with another. Some genera of this family have flowers which 
are comparable with those of the Halorrhagaces. But the greater number 
of the genera suggest their connection with the Santalacez. 
Series XXVI. Aristolochiales 
73 Aristolochiaces"”?: If we set store by the presence or absenc2 of a 
reduced calyx, then dAsarum and Aristolochia should not be incorporated in 
one and the same family. Aristolochia should come close to the Tubiflore. 
But in other respects, the two genera are very closely related. In the serum- 
reaction the family is related with the Nymphzacee and the Anonaces”. 
74 Rafflesiacem: Near the Aristolochiacee in the simple perianth and in 
the central genital column. Ha turer states that this family together with the 
Hydnoraceee may be kin of the Nepenthacee, Anonacese and Nymphezeaceze in 
the fleshy perianth, column, large peltate stigmata, semi-inferior ovary, trimer- 
ous perigon, and in the perisperm”. 
75 Hydnoracee”: As above. 
Series XX VIL. Polygonales 
76 Polygonacee”’: Near the Amarantacez. 
Series XXVIIL. Centrospermee 
77 Chenopodiacer”: Connected with the Amarantaces, Phytolaccacex, 
Portulacacese, Aizoacese, Caryophyllacess and Nyctaginacese—in each case by a 
different character. As to the genera of this family, they do not stand in a 
serial relation, and consequently it is altogether impossible to arrange them 
according to their lineage. The same is true of all families and especially of 
‘the larger ones such as the Gramines, Cruciferee or Rosacesw. VOoLKEN’S 
opinion as to the classification of the Chenopodiacese demands consideration. 
He says: “Ob man z. B. die Polyenemex zu den Amarantacese oder den 
1) Nat. Pfl-fam. p. II.—1, p. 270. 2) Muz, C. and Lanaz, L.—l. oc. 
3) Somis-LavBacH, — Rafflesiacer, in das Pflanzenreich, IV.—75, p. it. 
4) 1c. IiL—4, p. 2865. 5) Nat. PA.fam. IIl.—1, a, p. 8. 
6) 1c. IIL--1, a, p. 51. 
