62 



They hibernate in September, going into some hole in or near the 



tree. 



Inseciicides.— Winter washing with caustic washes destroys 

 harbouring places for the weevils on the trees. 



Shake the trees on a cahn summer day, placing tarred paper around 

 the trees to catch the weevils, and then burn them. 



Keep the surface of the ground free from weeds and rubbish. 



g. The Apple Sawfly, Hoplocampa or Tenthredo testudinea. 

 Order Hymenoptera. 



This insect is a very bad pest of the apple, the damage it does 

 often being put down to the codling moth. 



The larvae, in feeding, hollow out the young apples or make irregular 

 tunnels in them. 



Brown crumbly excrement pours from the hole in the side of the 

 apple, thus causing the fruit to drop when as large as a walnut, but by 

 this time the larva has left the fruit. 



The presence of fallen apples is a sign of the pest being present. 



It is found throughout the apple orchards of Europe. 



The sawfly is reddish-yellow in colour, with the top of the head, the 

 body between the wings, and the upper surface of the abdomen black. 



The antennae are yellowish, having the middle joint's upper surface 

 darker. 



The wings are clear, with the basal veins dark, while a spot about the 

 middle part of the edge of each fore wing is also dark. 



It is one quarter of an inch long, with a wing expanse of five-eighths 

 of an inch. 



The larva is cream-coloured, and when quite young has a black head 

 and a black plate at the tail end, but later the head becomes reddish- 

 brown, and the tail plate greyish. 



When adult, it is half an inch long with twenty legs, whereas the 

 larva of the codling moth has sixteen legs. 



The pupa is covered with a yellowish cocoon with adhering soil 

 grains. 



The sawfiies emerge from the cocoons in May and June, and may 

 be found in great numbers amongst the blossoms. 



The eggs are laid near the ovary, and in the young apple the larvae 

 feed. 



The larvae may leave the fruit before it falls, or may fall with the 

 fruit ; however, the larvae bury themselves some inches in the soil and 

 spin their cocoons, and in this way they hibernate. 



Insecticides. — Pick up and burn all fallen apples, as they might 

 contain the larvae. 



Fork " Vaporite " into the soil in spring just before the sawfiies 

 emerge in order to kill them. 



Spray, as soon as the blossoms are oveir, with 5 lb. of lead arseniate 

 to 100 gall, of water. 



