64 



near the hind end are two very short bristles, and also there are two 

 long bristles at the tail. The mite is whitish in colour. The larva 

 resembles the mite, the only differences being the smaller size and the 

 weaker bristling. 



The mites hibernate in numbers under cover of the outer bud-scales 

 of the buds on the shoots of the year. 



In spring the mites gall the young leaves, and the adult females 

 lay their eggs in these galls. New broods of mites come from these 

 galls and spread to other leaves. Before leaf-fall, the mites hibernate 

 in the outer bud-scales. 



Insecticides. — Spray in January with lime-sulphur wash, made with 

 20 lb. of quicklime, 36 lb. of flowers of sulphur, 80 gall, of water. 



The lime is slaked, and whilst still hot the sulphur is added, and the 

 whole covered with canvas in a wooden vessel and allowed to boil for 

 twenty minutes, stirring occasionally. Then the rest of the water is 

 added, and the mixture is diluted, using one gallon of the mixture to 

 twelve gallons of water. 



This winter wash also kills fuiigi. 



" Biting Insects." 

 I. The Pear Sawfly, Eriocampa Umacina. Order Hymenoptera. 



This pest also attacks the cherry, plum, damson, peach, and 

 sometimes the apple, also several forest trees, and species of thorn. 



The sawfly is harmless, but the larvse, known as " slugworms," eat 

 away the upper epidermis of the leaf and the soft parenchyma between 

 the veins. It is also on the increase, and decidedly checks the crop 

 to be produced. 



The sawfly is one quarter of an inch long, with a wing expanse of 

 one half of an inch. Its body is blackish, with dusky wings that have 

 traces of a dark band across them, being paler at the tips, and has dark 

 legs. 



The larva, on emerging, is white, but becomes green in a day or 

 two, and soon a dark green slime exudes, and covers the body, pro- 

 tecting it from the attacks of parasites, and from atmospheric 

 conditions. Its head is much broader than the lower ^art, causing 

 a tapering appearance, and making it look very much hke a tadpole. 

 It has seven pairs of sucker-like feet on its abdomen, three pairs of 

 feet upon its thorax, and a pair of sucker-like feet on the end of its 

 body, but with all these feet it moves very slowly. The mature larva 

 is half an inch long, and after five moultings it has an orange-yellow 

 colour, nothing like its sluggy appearance. 



The sawflies are seen at the beginning of June, and then the female 

 makes an irregular slit in the leaf by means of its saw-like apparatus, 

 and deposits in this abrasion an egg. 



The egg is always laid on the under surface of the leaf, and about 

 twenty eggs are laid on one leaf. 



The larva hatches in about ten days, emerging from the upper 



