(28) 



by the sun, and is^ liable to irritate and blister the 

 parts around the wood. The wounds that are made in 

 cutting off small limbs need no application. 



There is usually a ridge, called the collar, around 

 the base of each limb. It has been a subject of dis- 

 pute whether this collar should be removed with the 

 limb, or left on and the limb cut outside of it. I pre- 

 fer removing it. If it is not removed it is apt to die 

 down to the body of the tree. There are often latent 

 buds in this collar which develop when the limb is 

 taken off. Though in removing it the cut surface is 

 a little larger, yet it heals over quicker and smoother, 

 and there is no sprouting around it. 



Deciduous shade trees require little pruning, and 

 evergreens still less. The beauty of an evergreen is 

 spoiled when the lower limbs are removed. If any of 

 the side branches become irregular, or grow out of 

 proportion, they should be shortened. If the tree 

 throws up two or more leaders, all but one should be 

 removed. If the leader is lost, it may throw up a new 

 leader itself. If it does not, "it may be restored by 

 lashing a rod to the stem of the tree, and tying one of 

 the side shoots to it, in a position as nearly upright as 

 possible." If this fails, dig up the tree and put another 

 in its place. 



Qeriefkl ©ii'edtioi)^ fof ^ettir\^ Bl\^de ^tee^ 



All trees, to develop into perfect shade trees, re- 

 quire the sunlight and fresh air all around them. If 

 trees are planted for timber they should be placed near 

 together, and in large bodies. Then, to- obtain sun- 



