GLANDERS AND PAECY. 537 



chronic form in a horse in fair condition, starvation and overwork are 

 apt to bring on an acute attack, but when the disease is inoculated 

 into a debilitated and impoverished animal it is apt to start in the 

 latent form. Inoculation on the lips or the exterior of the animal 

 is frequently followed by an acute attack, while infection by ingestion 

 of the virus and inoculation by means of the digestive tract is often 

 followed by the trouble in the chronic latent form. 



In the dog the inoculation of glanders may develop a constitutional 

 disease with all the symptoms which are found in the horse, but more 

 frequently the virus pullulates only at the point of inoculation, re- 

 maining for some time as a local sore, which may then heal, leaving 

 a perfectly sound animal; but while the local sore is continuing to 

 ulcerate, and specific virus exists in it, it may be the carrier of con- 

 tagion to other animals. In man we find a greater receptivity to 

 glanders than in the dog, and in many unfortunate cases the virus 

 spreads from the point of inoculation to the entire system and de- 

 stroys the wretched mortal by extensive ulcers of the face and hemor- 

 rhage or by destruction of the lung tissue; in other cases, however, 

 glanders may develop, as in the dog, in local form only, not infecting 

 the constitution and terminating in recovery, while the specific ulcer 

 by proper treatment is turned into a simple one. In the feline species 

 glanders is more destructive than in the dog. The point of inociila- 

 tion ulcerates rapidly and the entire system becomes infected. 



While a student the writer saw a lion in the service of Professor 

 Trasbot, at Alfort, which had contracted the disease by eating glan- 

 dered meat and died with the lung riddled with nodules. A litter of 

 kittens lapped the blood from the lungs of a glandered horse on which 

 an autopsy was being made, and in four days almost their entire faces, 

 including the nasal bones, were eaten away by rapid ulceration. Nod- 

 ules were found in the lungs. A pack of wolves in the Philadelphia 

 Zoological Garden died in ten days after being fed with the meat of a 

 glandered horse. The rabbit, guinea pig, and mice are especially sus- 

 ceptible to the inoculation of glanders, and these animals are conven- 

 ient witnesses and proofs of the existence of suspected cases of the 

 glanders in other animals by the results of successful inoculations. 



The primary lesion in any form is a local point in which occurs 

 a rapid proliferation of the cell elements which make up the animal 

 tissue with formation of new connective tissue, with a crowding to- 

 gether of the elements until their own pressure on each other cuts off 

 the circulation and nutrition, and death takes place in them in the 

 form of ulceration or gangrene. Following this primary lesion we 

 have an extension of infection by means of the spread of the bacilli 

 into those tissues immediately surrounding the first infected spot, 

 which are most suitable for the development of simple inflammatory 

 phenomena or the specific virus. The primary symptoms are the re- 



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