THE CELL DOCTRINE. 29 



in 1 667, the further elaboration of this subject by 

 Malpighi, and his statement that each " utriculus " 

 was an independent entity, the very clear statement of 

 Oken in 1808 with regard to the cellular composition 

 of animals and vegetables, the description of Heusin- 

 ger,in 1822, of the mode of formation of vessels by the 

 apposition of vesicles, already referred to, and the an- 

 nouncement, though erroneous, of DoUinger, in 1828, 

 that the body is built up of blood^corpuscles which 

 move in wall-less (wandlos) channels .in the tissues. 



Haspail, 1837. — Singularly near the truth did Ras- 

 pail* approach, in 1837, when he tells us that in the 

 condition of development there are vesicles or cells, ■ 

 endowed with life and the property, almost unlimited, 

 of producing out of themselves other cells of the same 

 structure and similar endowments, of spherical form, 

 and capable of taking up oxygen when exposed to 

 the atmosphere ; that the cell membrane in its fresh 

 state is structureless. Yet he considers the organic 

 cell as made up of granules or atoms, spirally ar- 

 ranged about an ideal axis, comparing the cell with 

 the crystal, and speaks of organization as crystalliza- ' 

 tion in vesicles (crystallization vesiculaire). 



Dutrochet, 1837. — Similar was the view of Dutro- 

 chet,t who divided the component parts of the body \ 

 into solids anA. fluid. The solids were formed by the 

 aggregation of cells of a certain degree of firmness ; 

 the liquids, as the blood, are also made up of cells 

 which, however, float freely among each other, and 

 there are also tissues in which the cells are so feebly 



* Kaspail, op. citat. f Dutrochet, op. citat. 



3* 



