THE CELL DOCTRINE. 15 



Herciilaneum, and Pompeii. But it is quite certain, 

 also, that they did not become available as com- 

 pound microscopes until about 1590, when the Jan- 

 sens, father and son, of Holland, are said to have in- 

 vented the compound microscope. Fontana, in 1646, 

 writes that he had invented the microscope in 1618. 

 Galileo, as early as 1612, is said to have sent a micro- 

 scope to.King Sigismund of Poland, though whether 

 it was his own invention, or made after the pattern 

 of another, is not easily determined. In 1685, 

 Stelluti published a description of the parts of a bee 

 he had examined with the microscope, and although' 

 George Hufnagle is said to have published in Frank- 

 fort, in 1592, a work upon insects, illustrated by fifty 

 copper plates, it is highly probable that these, as well 

 as very many most important observations made after 

 the invention of the compound microscope, were 

 made with the simple instrument.* 



It is impossible to estimate the assistance the 

 microscope has been to us in opening up the minute 

 structure of animals and vegetables, and in thus af- 

 fordins; a reliable basis on which to build a doctrine 

 of organization. Prof, lluxley further says, " The 

 influence of this mighty instrument of research upon 

 biology, can only be compared to that of the galvanic 

 battery, in the hands of Davy, upon chemistry. It has 

 enabled •proximate analysis to be ultimate."\ But it 

 is more than this. Since, as he correctly states, it 



* Piir Hn interesting and exhaustive history of the invention of 

 the compound mici-oseopp, see Das Mikroskop, Theorie, Gebrauch, 

 Geseliic'hte und gegenwartiger Zustand dessclben. Von P. Hurting. 

 In drei Bandon. Braunschweig, 1866. Dritter Band, ss. 1-35. 



f Huxley, loc. citat., p. 290. 



