238 GEOLOGY OF EASTERN WISCONSIN. 



Near Appleton Mr. J. H. Carver burns about 1,800,000 excellent, 

 cream colored brick per year. A variegated red clay furnishes 

 the crude material which is wrought by horse power. About three 

 tenths of a cord of soft wood, worth $2 per cord, burns. 1,000 brick., 

 which sell at $8. 



At Neenah two parties — J. Bailey and E. M. Hulse — manufac 

 ture about 1,600,000 per year from red clay, using horse and hand 

 power. The former gentleman makes about 25,000 pressed brick. 

 He uses six grinders and employs from nine to twenty men. Mr . 

 Hulse has three grinders and employs eleven men. About two-fifthn 

 of a cord of soft wood, or one-half a cord of mixed wood, is con- 

 sumed per thousand brick, at a cost of from $2 to $2.50 per cord. 

 The brick are cream colored, and sell at $8 per thousand. 



At Menasha there are two firms, Messrs. Holke & Schelke, and P. 

 McFadden. Eoth parties use steam power, and Guard's mixing and 

 molding machine, and make 1,800,000 per year. The clay is red, but 

 burns in six days to a light cream color, consuming one-half cord of 

 mixed wood, which costs $2.50 per cord. About thirty hands are 

 employed. 



At Clifton a yard producing 1,000,000 per year is owned by B. F. 

 Carter, and one making 700,000, by H. Day & Co., of Oshkosh, the 

 latter under the superintendence of H. "W". Carter. Mr. B. F. Carter 

 employs sixteen hands and uses steam power, with a Burnham ma- 

 chine. Nine men are employed at the yard of Day & Co. The crude 

 material is in the form of beautiful laminated red clay and sand. The 

 brick are light colored, and are sold at $7 per M. 



At Watertown, from 3,500,000 to 4,000,000 excellent cream colored 

 brick are burned yearly by D. S. Chadwick, and about 1,000,000 by 

 F. Black. The crude material is a light colored, sandy, fluviatile clay, 

 about 16 feet in depth. Williams' tempering machine is used, and 

 the molding is done by hand in water. Three tenths of a cord of 

 wood, with one and a half bushels of coal dust ground into the clay, 

 is sufficient to burn 1,000 brick. The coal dust effects a large reduc- 

 tion in expense, and is also used in some of the above mentioned 

 kilns. Mr. Chadwick has ten pits for tempering, and employs forty- 

 five men. Mr. Black has six pits and employs eighteen hands. The 

 brick bring from $7 to $10 per M. 



At Waterloo, M. J. Eood burns about 600,000, and John Helms 

 from 800,000 to 1,000,000 per year, which are sold at from $7 to $10 

 per M. A light colored, fluviatile clay is used. 



Large quantities are also manufactured at Jefferson, Ft. Atkinson, 

 Edgerton, Whitewater, and greater or less quantities at Johnson's 



