302 GEOLOGY OF KASTERN WISCONSIN. 



low. By foUomng up the stream, a strong dip to the north of east may be observed. 

 Fossils are not abundant here, and but few species were collected, although the quarry- 

 ing and natural exposures afforded ample opportunities. A few rods west of the busi- 

 ness center of the city, the lowest layers of the formation are about 40 feet higher than 

 at the falls. Along the bluff, in the western part of the city, the' same layers are 25 to 

 30 feet higher stiU, from which point they dip to the south until they disappear beneatia 

 Crystal creek at a lower point than that at which they occur to the east in the southern 

 part of the city. To the west of this, toward Green Lake, the base of the formation is 

 more nearly horizontal. In section 5 of the township of Ripon, about three miles north- 

 west of the city, the junction ha question occurs at a lower elevation, if an aneroid meas- 

 urement is to be trusted, than at any of the preceding points. 



All these variations may be readfly accounted for by supposing a changeable dip of 

 a few degrees; but they are nevertheless unusual in this formation. As the floor of the 

 formation has its greatest elevation at and in the vioinity of the point where it rests 

 upon the domes of Lower Magnesian hmestone previously described, and has a lower 

 elevation as it recedes from tliis point, it is reasonable to suppose that the phenomena 

 may be due to tiiat relationship. 



The following species representing the fauna of the lower beds of the formation were 

 collected in this vicinity, the quarries of Mr. Coombs and Mr. Corhs proving most pro- 

 hfio: Buthotrephis sticculens, B. gracilis, Chmtetes, Streptelasma cornicalum, Eetepora, 

 Trematopora, n. sp., lAngula, Uke L. dbtusa, Stictopora, Orthis perveta, 0. tricenaria, 0. 

 siibquadrata, Slreptorhynchus deflectum, S. deltoideum, S. Jilitextum, S. planumhonum, 

 Strophomena alternata, S. caniura, S. incrassata, S. tenuistriata, Rhynchonella, n. sp., 

 Tellinomya nasuta, Cypricardites rotundalus, C. subtruncatus, C. ventricosus, C, n. sp., 

 Modiolopsis superba, Helicotoma planulata, Eaphistoma lenticularis, Trochonema am- 

 higuiinii T. uinbilicatum, Pleurotomaria aubconica, Murchisonia bicincta, Holopea, Sub- 

 uiites elongatus; Orthoceras annellum, 0. junceum, 0. vertehrale, 0. planoconvexum, 

 0., sp. new, Cyrtoceras (Oncoeeras) plebeitim? C. Pandion, C. or Oyroceras (outer cham- 

 ber only), Ormoceras, Gyroceras convolvans, Ldtuites, Illoenus taurus, Encrinurus, Lep- 

 erditiafabulites, Ceraurus pleurexanthemus. 



North of Ripon, the formation soon becomes doubly covered with drift, being over- 

 laid not only by the original glacial deposit of rubbish, but also by the later lacustrine 

 clays, and hence it presents itself at the surface even more rarely than before, so that 

 our attention is not again demanded by the meager and scattered exposures until we 

 reach the vicinity of Neenah and Menasha, where a cluster of interesting quarries 

 occur. Leaving out of consideration those directly south of Neenah and north of Me- 

 nasha, which are referred to a higher horizon, we find a belt of 'quarries beginning -vvitli 

 Thompson's in Sec. 29, Neenah, and extending north to the county line, which possesses 

 the general lithologioal characters of the Upper Buff' beds, which have already been ful- 

 ly described. The following list of species, however, collected from this belt, shows 

 several forms not observed in that horizon in the southern part of the state, but which 

 are common in a higher position and which therefore give special interest to the fauna 

 of these localities: Two new species of Chmtetes, Streptelasma cornicuhim, Columnaria, 

 a new species of Stictopora, Schizorinus nodosus, Lingula quadrata? Orthis lynx, 0. 

 plicatella, 0. subquadrata, 0. testudinaria, 0. pectinella, Streptorhyvchus deflectum, S. 

 flitextum, Strophomena alternata, S. incrassata, S. camerata, Leptcena sericea, Zygo- 

 spira recurvirostris, Rhynchonella Anticostensis, Raphistoma lenticularis, Pleuroto- 

 maria subconica, a new species of Murchisonia, having a lofty spire, Endoceras pro- 

 teiforme, an undetermined Gyroceras and Leperdita alta? were secured in the limited 

 time that could be devoted to collection. 



In the vicinity of Mr. Verbeck's residence, near the southeast comer of section 18, 

 Menasha, are several small quarries that possess interest from theh: position and char- 



