752 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE LEAD REGION. 



There is another method by which drainage of mines has sometimes been effected, 

 and which might in many other places be employed to advantage. It is by simply drill- 

 ing a hole fi-om the bottom of the mine to some of the underlying clay beds of the 

 Ti-enton. In this way a passage is often effected for tlie escape of the water, of which 

 it \vi\l often avail itself until the opening becomes closed with mud from the mine, wheu 

 a new hole has to be drilled. 



In many portions of the Lead region, but more especially in the southern and centra 

 parts, there is a desire which has often been earnestly expressed to me, tliat a survey 

 should be made of the ore-bearing ranges both old and new. Such a survey, to be of 

 any practical benefit, should be made with a transit and level, and with the utmost 

 accuracy. It should be made underground when possible, and when not, it should be 

 made on the surface, locating the ranges from the shafts. The survey of each distiict 

 should be referred to certain fixed points, whose location and elevation should be accu- 

 rately ascertained. The location of these points with reference to each other could at 

 any time be ascertained by triangulation if thought necessary. The whole should then 

 be mapped on a suitable scale ajid published with tlie field notes. 



The advantages derived from such a survey are chiefly the following: (1) In ranges 

 which are now worked, it would be easy to reproduce on the surface the areas worked 

 out below, and from the Imown course of the range the miner could, with considerablo . 

 certainty, locate his shafts so as to reach the unworked portions, thus effecting a large 

 saving of time, labor and money wasted in prospecting. (2) The surface of the Lead 

 region is rapidly Ijeooming an agricultural country. In many places the old shafts are 

 being filled, the dump piles are being removed, and all surface vestiges of once val- 

 uable ranges are becoming obliterated. Many of these ranges were worked many 

 years since for lead ore alone, to the natural water level, and abandoned with valuable . 

 bodies of ore stiU remaining in tliem; and in view of the increasing production of zinc 

 ore, which is now between three and four times that of lead ore, it is not unlikely that 

 it may become profitable to work them again. From a survey such as is outlined 

 above, the location of old shafts and ranges could at any time be restored. (3) It would 

 conduce to the systematic worldng of the mines in the future, by forming a basis to 

 which private surveys could be referred, and would indicate the points where levels 

 could be most successfully placed for the drainage of the mines. 



These are but a few of the advantages which will occur to persons actually engaged 

 in mining. Probably there is enough money wasted in prospecting every year, whioh 

 would 1)6 saved by such a survey, to carry it on to a successful termination. 



