WESTERN CAULESCENT VIOIvETS. 33 



long, the later oval-lanceolate, 2 inches long, subtruncate at 

 base, all obtuse ; slender peduncles bearing the flowers almost 

 be3'ond the long-petioled leaves, bibracteolate not far below 

 the flowers, the bractlets subulate-filiform, not opposite : 

 sepals narrowly linear-lanceolate but obtuse ; corolla purple, 

 about % inch long including the long horizontal subcylindric 

 obtuse spur. 



Hangman Creek, Spokane Co., Washington, 14 May, 1893, 

 Sandberg and Leiberg, n. 33. Verbasculuvi was a mediaeval 

 name for the subgenus of rugose-leaved species of Primula ; 

 and the leaves of this western violet are as primula-like as 

 those of the eastern V. primulifolia itself. 



Viola mamill.'^.ta. Leafy and floriferous stems of the 

 season upright and slender, 4 to 7 inches high above a long 

 ligneous partly subterranean and horizontal rootstock clothed 

 darkl}' with dead remnants of stipules of former seasons : 

 petioles and peduncles long and slender, the whole plant 

 glabrous except as to a line of hispidulous short hairs on the 

 veins of many leaves beneath : leaves from broadly cordate 

 and Yq, inch long in the earliest, to subcordate-oval and 1}4 

 inches long in the later, all obtuse and lightly crenate : 

 peduncles bibracteolate not far below the flower, the bractlets 

 linear, entire, exactly opposite : sepals small for the corolla, 

 lanceolate, obtusish, not venulose : corolla Y\ inch broad, 

 violet, the limb of all petals round-obovate, obtuse, the odd 

 one very retuse and rather larger than the others ; spur long, 

 straight, subcylindric, at the end abruptly narrowed into a 

 distinct upturned maniilliform appendage. 



Wet ground, under fallen timber, at Dyer Mine, Uintah 

 Mountains, Utah, 30 June, 1902, I^. N. Goodding, n. 1202 as 

 in U. S. Herb. 



Viola cordulata. Caulescent, low, the leafy stems 2 or 

 3 inches high, but peduncles often as long, bearing the 

 flower above all other parts : herbage of thinnish texture, 

 everywhere glabrous : leaves basal and upper cauline all much 

 alike in size and form, cordate, obtusish, crenate, about fC 



