V AMPHIPODA LAEMODIPODA 1 39 



Fam. Talitridae. — This family may be distinguished by the 

 absence of a palp on the mandible, and by one ramus of the 

 uropods being very small or wanting. The various kinds of 

 " Sand-hoppers " belong here, familiar creatures on every sandy 

 coast between tide-marks. The genera Talitrus and Talorchestia 

 always frequent sand, while Orchestia is generally found under 

 stones and among weed. Some species of Orchestia, e.g. 0. gam- 

 marellus, live inland in moist places at some distance from the 

 sea ; one species of Talitj-us {T. sylvaticus) occurs at great eleva- 

 tions in forests in Southern Australia. 



Hyale is a coastal genus, and is also found on floating objects in 

 the Sargasso Sea. Hifaldla is confined to Lake Titicaca and the 

 fresh waters of South America. Chiltonia from S. Australasia. 



Fam. Corophiidae. — ^The members of this family have a 

 rather flattened body and small abdomen, and the side-plates on 

 the thorax are small. The uropods are also small and weak. 

 Some species of the genus Corophitim are characteristic of the 

 Caspian Sea. 



Sub-Order 2. Laemodipoda. 



Fam. 1. Caprellidae ^ are also chiefly littoral forms, swarm- 

 ing among rocks covered by algae, though they are by no means 

 so easy to detect as the Gammaridae and Tanaidae which haunt 



FiQ. 96. — Caprella grandimana. x 4. a, Abdomen ; g, gills ; t, 3rd (first free) 

 thoracic segment ; t', 8tli thoracic segment. (After P. Mayer.) 



similar situations. In a basinful of algae or Polyzoa taken from 

 the rocks fringing the Bay of Naples, the latter are easily collected, 

 the Tanaidae always crawling out of the weeds in the direction 

 of the light, while the Gammarids dart about in all directions ; 

 but the Caprellidae, with their branching stick - like forms, 



1 Cf. P. Mayer, Fauna u. Flora G. von Neapel, Monogr. vi., 1882 ; xvii., 1890. 



