INTRODUCTORY 25 



Maintenance Ration. An amount of food sufficient for a resting 

 animal, neither loosing or gaining in weight, for twenty-four hours. 



Mangles. A root crop — the Beta Vulgaris. 



Masticate. To crush or grind food with teeth. 



Mealy. In buffs, where the color is broken by specks of lighter color 

 appearing as if meal had been sprinkled on the feather. 



Metabolism. The processes in the living cells, consisting of anab- 

 olism — ^building up, and katabohsm — tearing down. 



Meter. A metric measure equaling 3.28 feet. 



Mineral Matter. The ash of the food. 



Mossy. Dark irregular penciling appearing in the center of laced 

 feathers. 



Mottled. Surface of plumage marked with spots of different colors. 



Muffs. Tufts of feathers on the face below the eyes. 



Natural Selection. The mating of birds of their own will. 



Nitrogen-free Extract. The food-stuff remaining after the crude fiber 

 and fat have been removed. It includes starches, sugars, and gums. 



Nitrogenous Substances. Any food-stuff containing nitrogen. 



Nutrients. Groups of substances, as protein and carbohydrates, that 

 are capable of nourishing an animal. 



Nutritive Ratio. The proper proportion of protein to carbohydrates 

 and hydrocarbons in a feed or ration. The fat is reduced to a carbo- 

 hydrate equivalent by multiplying by 2.25. 



Oil Meal. Linseed-oil cake reduced to fineness by grinding. 



Organic Matter. That part of the food-stuff destroyed by burning. 



Parasiticide. An agent killing parasites. 



Parasitism. Being infested by parasites, as lice and chiggers. 



Parti-colored. A feather presenting two or more colors. 



Pea Comb. A triple comb presenting the appearance of three single 

 combs placed parallel to each other and joined at the rear and base and 

 showing serrations at the free margins. 



Pen. Four females and a male. 



Penciling. Small stripe-like markings on a feather. They may follow 

 the outline of the feather or run crosswise. 



Peppered. A mealy appearance produced by a splattering with black 

 or gray. 



Pepsin. A digestive ferment found in stomach juices. 



Pelvic Arch. The arch formed by the overreaching pelvic bones. 



Plumage. The feathers of a fowl. 



Poularde. A pullet deprived of the power of producing eggs, with the 

 object of greater size. 



Poult. A young turkey. After the sexes can be determined they are 

 then called cockerels or pullets. 



Poultry. Domestic fowls. 



Poultry Breeder. One who regulates the reproduction of poultry. 



Poultry Keeper. One who keeps poultry without regard to skill, 

 experience, or success. 



Poultry Raiser. One who hatches and rears poultry. 



