22 POULTRY CULTURE 



Carriage. The attitude of tlie bird. 



Caruncles. Small fleshy protuberances, as on the head of a turkey. 



Carunculated. Having caruncles. 



Casein. The protein portion of milk which is coagulated by acid or 

 rennit. 



Cavernous. The hollow protruding nostrils of the crested breeds. 



Cellulose. The hard, woody portions of the plants and grains. 



Chickens. The young of the domestic hen prior to the development of 

 the adult plumage. 



Chicks. Fowls less than one year old. In a restricted sense it is the 

 young of the domestic hen until the sex can be determined. 



Cock. A male fowl one year or more old. 



Cockerel. A male fowl less than one year old. 



Comb. The massive protuberance growing from the top of the fowl's 

 head. 



Concentrates. The more nutritious portion of the ration, such as corn, 

 wheat, and oats. A large quantity of nutrients in a small bulk. 



Condition. The state of a bird as regards health, order of plumage, 

 and cleanliness and flesh. 



Contagion. That which is contagious. 



Corn. Indian Corn. A grain used in poultry feeding. 



Cow-pea. A leguminous plant, the seeds of which may be used 

 in poultry feeding. 



Crest. A tuft of feathers on the top of a fowl's head. 



Crop. An expansion of the esophagus, just below its center. It is a 

 storehouse for food till needed. 



Crude Fiber. The framework forming the walls of the cells and frame- 

 work of the plant. Cellulose. 



Cushion. The mass of fluffy feathers at the rear of the bird and partly 

 covering the tail. 



Diastase. A ferment existing in seeds which makes germination pos- 

 sible by causing the starch to be changed into sugar under certain 

 conditions. 



Digestible Matter. The part of the food-stuffs that can be brought 

 into solution by the digestive juices. 



Digestible Nutrients. The portion of the food-stuff that can be 

 digested by the birds. 



Digestive Tract. Alimentary tract. 



Disinfection. A complete destruction of all germs. 



Disinfest. To rid of parasites. 



Disqualification. A serious defect or deformity which will not allow it 

 to enter competition as a pure-bred exhibition fowl. 



Down. The first hairy covering of chicks. Sometimes tiny tufts of 

 down develop on the shanks. It is considered a feather if a quill and web 

 can be recognized; otherwise it is down. 



Drake. A male bird of the duck breed. 



Dry Matter. The portion of the food-stuff that remains after the water 

 has been driven off by heat. 



