234 POTJLTEY CULTURE 



ROUP 



Roup is a very highly contagious disease. It may be differ- 

 entiated from common cold by the offensive odor which is not 

 present in common colds. 



Cold, damp weather, and drafts favor the development of 

 roup. 



Do not allow your birds to roost in a draft. Have the top, 

 back, and two sides of the hen house tight. 



Beware of the bird with a pale face and which frequently 

 sneezes. Many of these bnds are chronic forms of roup, and 

 when examined closely are found to give off an offensive odor. 

 These birds perpetuate the disease, and as soon as conditions 

 arise which will render the balance of the flock more suscepti- 

 ble, the disease may spread among the balance of the flock and 

 many birds become afflicted from the fomites of this chronic 

 carrier. 



Symptoms. — 'The disease manifests itself in three different 

 forms or types — ^the nasal type, the eye type, and the mouth 

 or oral type. 



In the nasal type the germs invade the mucous membranes 

 of the upper air-passage — ^that is, the nostrils and sinuses or 

 cavities of the head. These membranes become swollen and 

 are stimulated to giving off much mucous, as a person with a 

 "cold in the head." 



The anterior opening of the nasal passage is small as com- 

 pared to the cavities of the head leading to it. As a result of 

 the drying of small particles of the mucous discharge, the 

 opening becomes sealed and the bird is compelled to open its 

 mouth to breathe. 



In addition to this, we often find there has accumulated in 

 the infraorbital sinus — ^that is, the cavity in front and below 

 the eye — a, mass of mucous, and the walls forced out forming 

 quite a swelling in that region. 



The mucous membrane of the eye hkewise becomes affected, 

 when a similar catarrhal inflammation wiU be noted as in the 

 nasal form. At night, when the eye is closed, by drying of a 

 small amount of the discharge which works its way through 

 between the lids, the lids become adherent or stuck together, 



