478 POULTRY CULTTJRE 



the eggs regardless of whether they are all marketable. He 

 may pay for them "loss off," or have them candled and pay 

 for only the good eggs. 



The New York State Food Commission gives the follow- 

 ing analysis of costs of marketing a dozen eggs based on a 

 price of twenty cents paid to the farmer, and assuming that 

 they are held in storage. 



Producer's price $0.20 $0.20 



Shipper's charges: 



(a) Labor in collecting and packing 0.005 



(b) Cases, fillers, and packing 0.0073 



(c) Transportation charges to city 0.0106 0.023 



Commission for handling 0.0100 0.01 



Jobber's charges: 



(a) Cartage from dock to store 0.00133 



(b) Candling and grading 0.00666 



(c) Storage and insurance 0.016 



(d) Jobber's profit and charges 0.01 



(e) Delivery to the retailer 0.004 0.038 



Retailer's charges: 



(a) Operating expenses 10 per cent 0.0271 



(6) Retailers profit 5 per cent 0.01497 0.042 



Price paid by consumer $0,313 



In the above estimates the total spread including storage 

 was 11.3 cents per dozen eggs. The producer in this case 

 received 63.9 per cent, of the final price. 



Express or freight charges as an element of marketing cost 

 depends on four things: (1) Distance over which goods are 

 shipped. (2) Relation between bulk of a commodity and 

 its intrinsic value. (3) The weight of the package in which 

 goods are carried. (4) The amount and special care required 

 during transit. 



Poultry and eggs may be carried by trolley; freight; ocean 

 freight, as between countries; or coastwise; inland waterway, 

 as the rivers and great lakes. 



Cost of Storage. — An analysis of storage charges on poultry 

 and eggs at hypothetical cost prices inNewYorkCityas follows: 



