480 



POULTRY CULTURE 



follows from bottom up : boards, paper, asphalt, cork, asphalt, 

 concrete, cement finish coat (see Fig. 199). 



THE EGG CASES AND FILLERS 



The standard egg case commonly used by 75 per cent, of 

 the trade is a ^^g-iiich veneer cottonwood case. Some buyers 

 use a trifle heavier case, that is, one 7.32-inch veneer. Some 

 shippers use a %6-iiich tupelo case, which differs only in the 

 wood out of which it is made. Others use a ^f g-i^ich gum case. 

 Some use a drop cleat end, that is, having six cleats to the case, 

 two of which are attached to the top and lap down over the 

 ends, resting on a cleat that is recessed from the top of the end. 

 Others use a flush cleat case, which has four cleats to the case, 

 and the top is nailed directly to the case and no cleat is attached 

 to it. 



PUr FLAT Q]/£fl 

 eGGS A/HD UND£fi „ 

 COJ/fiUCAfSD CUS/i/O, 



PUT co/tRUGATea 



CUSHfON ON TOP 

 THIS SIDE UP 



Fig. -201. — How to pack a case of eggs. 



There are in use four different weights of fillers: No. 1, 316, 

 medium, and No. 2. The medium filler is used by 75 per cent, 

 of the trade. The No. 2 is "outlawed" by the Railroad 

 Company, but is still used in some localities, but very seldom 

 for shipping purposes. The No. 1 and 316 fillers are used by 

 certain packers, also by those who are shipping eggs in what is 

 known as pick-up cars, that work on local freight, stopping 

 at each station, where other eggs are added to the car. Some 

 use a white filler for packing export eggs on account of its 

 color and a trifle less odor. Nearly all the trade use a straw- 



