Inheritance of Acquired Characters 229 
derer and their legs thinner. The horns, antlers, and pro- 
tuberances that many of these animals possess are the results 
of their butting each other when angered. 
“The long neck and the form of the giraffe offer a curious 
case. We know that the giraffe is the tallest of all animals. 
It inhabits the centre of Africa, living in those localities 
where the earth is nearly always dry and without herbage. 
It is obliged to browse on the foliage of trees, and this leads 
to its stretching continually upwards. As a result of this 
habit, carried on for a long time, in all the individuals of the 
race, the anterior limbs have become longer than the pos- 
terior, and its neck has also lengthened, so that the giraffe 
without rising on its hind-legs stretches up its neck and can 
reach to the height of six metres.” ‘ 
The curved claws of the carnivora have arisen from the 
necessity of grasping their prey. The power of retracting 
the claws has also been acquired by the effort to draw them 
in when running over hard ground. The abdominal pouch 
of the kangaroo, in which the young are carried, opens an- 
teriorly, and this has led to the animal standing erect so that 
its young are not injured. In consequence, the fore-legs 
have become shorter through disuse, and the hind-legs have 
become stronger throughuse. The tail, which is also used as 
a support, has become enormously thick at its base. 
The sloth has been compelled to seek refuge in the trees, 
and has taken up its abode permanently there, feeding on 
leaves. Its movements are limited to those involved in 
crawling along the limbs in order to reach the leaves. After 
feeding it remains inactive and sluggish, these habits being 
provoked by the heat of the climate. The results of its mode 
of life have been to cause the arms to become elongated due 
to the habit of the sloth of grasping the limbs of the tree ; 
the claws of the fingers and toes have also become long and. 
hooked in order to retain their hold. The digits that do not 
make any individual movements have lost the power to do 
