THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 259 



ligulate, like those of the dandelion ; the disk flowers are 

 tubular. 



Do both ray and disk flowers have stamens and pistil? 

 Are both fertile ? 



III. In older heads examine the achenia, and observe 

 their form and surface. 



IV. How far do the arrangements for securing fertiliza- 

 tion correspond with those observed in the dandelion ? 



V. Compare the flowers of the two plants as regards 

 modification from an assumed original form. 



PLANTAIN-LEAVED EVERLASTING. Antennaria 

 planiaginifolia, Hook. 



As in preceding cases, note where this plant occurs, and 

 record any peculiarities in its mode of growth. Notice 

 particularly its habit of spreading by runners. 



It will be observed that there are two sorts of flowering 

 heads, on different individuals, one, pistillate, more elon- 

 gated and lighter colored than the other, staminate, ones. 



Study critically the flowers of the two different kinds 

 of heads. Note all the points in which they are unlike, 

 including differences of pappus and corolla, fertility, 

 color, size, etc. 



Compare the flowers of this species with those of the 

 dandelion and robin's-plantain, noting, in each case points 

 of similarity and difference. 



RELATIONSHIP. 



A comparative study should be made of as many other 

 genera of Compositse as practicable. There are so many 

 species, ranging in their time of flowering from spring to 



