GLOSSARY AND INDEX. 271 



bipinnate, twice pinnately compound, 58. 



bract, one of the leaves of an inflorescence, subtending singly a floral 



branch or an individual flower, or associated with others to form an 



involucre, 162, 172, 256. 

 bulb, a modified, usually subterranean, stem having the form of a bud 



with thickened scales. 

 bundle-sheath, a layer of cells surrounding a fibro-vasoular bundle, or the 



fibro-vascular bundles of an organ collectively, 44. 



calyptra, the hood, commonly thin and membranaceous, of the capsule of 

 mosses ; it consists of a modified portion of the ruptured archego- 

 nium, which is carried up by the elongating seta, 123. 



calyx, the outer whorl of leaves of a flower, or the single whorl if but 

 one is present, 74, 79, 83. 



cambiform, resembling cambium ; applied to certain thin-walled cells as- 

 sociated with sieve-tubes. 



cambium, the formative tissue between wood and bark ; in closed fibro- 

 vascular bundles, the meristem between xylem and phloem, 41. 



campylotropous, 16. 



canal-cell, 134. 



carina, a keel ; the keel-shaped structure formed by the union of the two 

 lower petals of a papilionaceous flower, 197. 



carpel, a modified leaf, which alone or with others constitutes the pistil. 

 A pistil composed of one carpel is simple ; of more than one, com- 

 pound, 74, 80. 



carpophore, a prolongation of the axis between the carpels supported by 

 it ; of cryptogams, a spore-bearing structure. 



caruncle, an outgrowth of tissue from the micropyle of certain seeds, 3. 



caryopsis, an indehiscent, seed-like fruit, resembling an achenium, but 

 having the pericarp inseparable from the seed-coats ; the grain of 

 wheat and other grasses. 



catkin, the unisexual, scaly, spike-like inflorescence of willows, birches, 

 etc., 181. 



caulicle, the part of the stem lying between radicle and cotyledons ; the 

 hypocotyl. In the embryo the caulicle and radicle are not sharply 

 distinct from each other, and the former is sometimes wanting, so 

 that the term "radicle" was formerly often used to designate the 

 whole axis below the cotyledons, 2, 3, 20, 24. 



cauline, belonging to the stem, 58. 



cellulose, the material of which cell-membranes are composed. It is 

 related to starch, and is sometimes an important food-substance, 

 8, 18. 



