272 GLOSSARY AND INDBX. 



centrifugal, developing or opening successively from the center outwards, 

 as the flowers of a determinate inflorescence. 



centripetal, developing or opening successively from the outside towards 

 the center, as the flowers of an indeterminate inflorescence. 



chalaza, the part of an ovule or seed where the coats blend and where 

 nutriment enters during development, 2. 



chlorophyll, or chlorophyl, the green substance of plants, occurring com- 

 monly in rounded, protoplasmic bodies called chloroplasts. It is in 

 these chloroplasts or chlorophyll bodies that starch is formed. 



ciliated, provided with cilia, i.e. extremely delicate, filiform appendages 

 by which locomotion is effected ; fringed with marginal hairs or 

 bristles. 



cladophyll, a branch having the appearance and functions of a foliage 

 leaf, 53. 



class, 156. 



cleft, cut into segments or lobes. 



cleistogamous or cleistogamic, never opening and regularly self-fertilized, 

 as some of the flowers of violets, milkwort, etc. 



coalescence, organic union of members of the same whorl ; cohesion, 

 74, 81. 



cohesion, see coalescence. 



columella, the central axis of the spore-case of mosses and some other 

 cryptogams ; the carpophore of certain fruits, as those of geranium, 

 the umbelliferae, etc. 



column, the united filaments of a malvaceous flower ; the consolidated 

 stamens and style of an orchid. 



companion cells, cells accompanying sieve-tubes and having the same 

 origin, 45. 



complete, having all the parts present, 80. 



conjugation, the union of two like cells, or protoplasmic bodies, to form a 

 zygospore, the simplest form of sexual reproduction, 102. 



connate, united congenitally, or from the very beginning, 58. 



connective, the continuation of the filament between the lobes of the 

 anther. 



cork, 40. 



conn, a naked or sparingly tunicated, solid, usually rounded or flattened, 

 underground stem. Corms show various gradations between a bulb 

 on the one hand and a tuber on the other, 164. 



corolla, the inner whorl of floral leaves, the petals collectively, 74, 79, 83. 



corpusculum, the hard, dark body that, in the flower of Asclepias, is con- 

 nected by the retinaoula with the pollen-masses, 229. 



cortex, bark ; the term is applied in a general sense to tissue lying be- 

 neath the epidermis, 122. 



