20 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HONEY-BEE. 



oasopliagus (03) the gullet, through which the food goes intO' 

 the stomach. 



As we have already seen, the canals of the upper glands, 

 open on each side of the mouth, and discharge their product 

 into it at will. 



4:5. The chin or men turn (mt) is not literally a part of 

 the mouth. It can move forward and backward, and supports 

 several pieces, among which is the tongue, or proboscis, cr 

 ligula (l). The tongue is not an extension of the chin, but 

 has its root in it, and can only be partly drawn back into it, 

 its extremity, when at rest, being folded back under the chin. 



46. There are, on each side of the tongue, the labial palpi 

 or feelers* (b, flg. 12, and Ip, fig. 7), which are fastened to 

 the chin by hinged joints. They are composed of four pieces 

 each, the first two of which are broad, and the other two small 

 and thin, and provided with sensitive hairs of a very fine 

 fabric. Outside of the palpi are the maxillre (c, fig. 12, and 

 m.r, fig. 7) which in some insects have the function of jaws, 

 but which, in the bee, only serve, with the palpi, to enfold 

 the tongue in a sort of tube, formed and opened at the will of 

 the insect, and which, by a certain muscular motion, as also 

 by the ability of the ton;",ue to move up and down in this 

 tube, force the food up into the mouth. 



17. The tong-ue is cnvcred with hairs, which are of graded 

 sizes, so that those nearest the tip or boutmi are thin and 

 flexible. It— the tongue — is grooved like a trough, the edges 

 of which can also unite to form a tube, with perfect joints. 

 It is easily umlcrstood that if the tongue were a tube, the 

 pollen grains when conveyed tlirou"li it would obstruct it, 

 especially when daubed with veiy thick linnoy. 



48. "A most beautiful adaptation here becomes cviilenl. 

 Neetar gathernl from blossoms m ids conversion into honey. 

 Its cane sugar mnst be changed into grape sugar, and this is 

 accomplished by the admixture of the salivary secretions of 

 Systems Nos. 2 and 3 (sd, 2, ?., fig. 7), either one or both. The 

 tongue is drawn into the mentum by the shortening of the re- 

 Organs ri taste according to Leydig and Jobert. 



