214 THE PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING 



of three years. The average for the United States is found to 

 be $104.06 ; or, if we deduct the value of work done by the horse 

 before he has passed his third year, namely, $7.53, the net cost 

 is $96.54; this is 70.9 per cent of the selling value ($136.17) 

 of such horses. 



The cost varies widely hy States, from an average of $69.50 

 for New Mexico, $71.59 for Wyoming, and $82.47 for Texas, 

 to $156.60 for Khode Island, $149.98 for Connecticut, and 

 $141.80 for Massachusetts. 



Itemized, the cost is made up as follows : Service fee, $12.95 ; 

 value of time lost by mare in foaling, $10.06 ; breaking to halter, 

 $2.22; veterinary service, $2.04; care and shelter, first year, 

 $4.98 ; second year, $5.36 ; third year, $6.35 ; cost of grain fed, 

 first year, $4.98; second year, $7.14; third year, $9.56; hay, 

 first year, $4.14; second year, $6.61 ; third year, $8.48 ; pasture, 

 first year, $2.56; second year, $5.41; third year, $6.21; other 

 costs, $5.01 ; total, $104.06. 



The total cost for all feed is $56.30, being $21.68 for grain, 

 $19.23 for hay, $14.18 for pasture, and $1.21 for other feeds. 

 The total cost of care and shelter is $16.69. Of the total cost, 54 

 per cent is charged to feeds, 16 per cent to care and shelter, 

 and 30 per cent to other items, as enumerated above. 



As more than half the cost of raising a three-year-old horse 

 on the farm is chargeable to feeds, it is readily observed how 

 important is the influence of variation in prices of feedstuffs 

 upon such cost. 



REVIEW 



1. Describe the forces involved in breeding. 



2. What is the relation of the parent to the ancestry on the one hand 



and the progeny on the other f 



3. Explain the greater breeding value of the pure-bred parent. What 



is the pedigree? 



4. What is meant by prepotency and upon what may it depend? 



5. What are the objections to cross-breeding and when is it justifiable? 



6. What is the importance of studbook registration ? 



7. What are the objects of stallion legislation? 



8. Why is " pure bred " an arbitrary term ? 



9. When may an unsoundness be considered hereditary? 



